Page 17 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZµ1% lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k dk ifjp;

ln~xq.k (Virtue) gS ¯drq ;fn izR;sd O;fDr cpr djus yxsxk rks oqQy ek¡x de gks tk,xh ftlls fuos'k osQ uksV
fy, dksbZ izsj.kk ugha gksxh rFkk jk"Vªh; vk; esa deh gks tk,xhA varr% blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i jk"Vªh; cpr Hkh
?kVsxh] u fd c<+sxhA izksú lSE;qylu us bls ¶jpuk dk roZQ nks"k¸ dgk gSA mlosQ vuqlkj] lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k dh
vR;fèkd lkekU;hdj.k (Excessive generalization) dh izo`fÙk ftlosQ dkj.k O;fDrxr vuqHkoksa dks laiw.kZ
vFkZO;oLFkk ij ykxw fd;k tkrk gS] mfpr ugha gSA
2- fotkrh; bdkb;ka (Heterogeneous Units)µleqPp;ksa osQ vè;;u {ks=k esa vusd fotkrh; bdkb;k¡
lfEefyr gksrh gSaA bu bdkb;ksa dks fofHkUu izdkj ls ekik tkrk gSA bu bdkb;ksa dks le:i la[;kvksa vFkok
letkrh; eki osQ :i esa O;Dr djuk laHko ugha gksrk gSA izks- cks¯YMx us bls fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.k }kjk le>k;k gSµ

6 lsc $ 7 lsc ¾ 13 lsc (;g ,d vFkZiw.kZ leqPp; gS)
6 lsc $ 7 larjs ¾ 13 iQy (;g Hkh ,d vFkZiw.kZ leqPp; gS)

6 lsc $ 7 edku ¾ (;g ,d vFkZghu leqPp; gS)
mijksDr mnkgj.k ls Li"V gS fd fotkrh; bdkb;ksa dk leqPp; izk;% vLi"V gksrk gSA fotkrh; bdkb;ksa osQ fy,
Hkys gh ge eqnzk dk mi;ksx ,d lka>s Hkktd (Common denominator) osQ :i esa djsa] ¯drq ekSfnzd ewY;
(Money Value) buosQ mi;ksx ewY; (Value in use) dk lgh eki ugha gSA

3- Lo;a leqPp; dh vis{kk leqPp; dh jpuk vFkok <kapk vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ gS (The Composition
or Structure of the Aggregate is more important than Aggregate itself)µ lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k esa
leqPp; dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS ¯drq okLro esa fdlh iz.kkyh dks Lo;a leqPp; dh vis{kk leqPp; dh jpuk
;k mldk <k¡pk vfèkd izHkkfor djrk gSA eku yhft,] lu~ 2006 rFkk lu~ 2007 esa dher Lrj fLFkj jgrk gS]
¯drq bldk ;g vFkZ dnkfi ugha gS fd lu~ 2007 esa dherksa esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gqvkA laHko gS fd lu~ 2007
esa dherksa esa dksbZ deh gqbZ gks rFkk vkS|ksfxd oLrqvksa dh dherksa esa o`f¼A iQyLo:i] lkekU; dher&Lrj fLFkj
cuk jgk gksA vr% leL;kvksa dks Bhd <ax ls le>us osQ fy,] leqPp; osQ <k¡ps dk vè;;u mruk gh t:jh
gS ftruk Lo;a leqPp; dkA ¯drq lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k esa izkapyksa (Parameters) osQ lajpukRed fo'ys"k.k
(Structural Analysis) dks dHkh&dHkkj (Seldom) gh cjkcj dk egÙo fn;k tkrk gSA
4- leqPp;ksa osQ fofHkUu izHkko (Diverse Effects of Aggregates)µlef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k dh ,d vU; lhek
;g gS fd vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa ij ,d leqPp; osQ fofHkUu izHkkoksa dk vè;;u ugha fd;k tkrkA lef"V
izkapyksa (Parameters) vFkZO;oLFkk osQ lHkh {ks=kksa ij ,d leku (Uniform) izHkko ugha iM+rkA mnkgj.k osQ
fy,] dher Lrj esa gksus okyh o`f¼ dk O;kikfj;ksa rFkk m|ksxifr;ksa ij ykHknk;d izHkko iM+rk gS ¯drq osru
Hkksfx;ksa (Wage-earners) dks gkfu mBkuh iM+rh gSA lef"V vFkZ'kkL=k esa ,sls izfrfufèkd lewg (Cross Section)
osQ vè;;u dk vfr laf{kIr mYys[k gh ik;k tkrk gS

la{ksi esa] lkewfgd fo'ys"k.k ij è;ku osaQfnzr djrs gq, lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k izk;% ,sls O;f"V izkapyksa osQ egÙo dh
vogsyuk djrk gS tks fd fo"k;&oLrq osQ ewyHkwr rÙo gksrs gSaA
vr% yksxksa dh fuèkZurk vFkok thou dh xq.koÙkk dk ewY;kadu djrs le; ge izk;% mudh izfr O;fDr vk;
rFkk miHkksx dks izkapy (Parameter) eku ysrs gSa vkSj bl rF; dh mis{kk djrs gSa fd Hkys gh le; osQ lkFk
vkSlr izkapy (Average Parameter) esa fujarj o`f¼ gks jgh gks] fiQj Hkh mu yksxksa dh oqQy la[;k esa Hkh o`f¼
gks xbZ gks tks fuèkZurk js[kk ls uhps jgrs gSaA D;k lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=kh tks Hkkjr esa izfr O;fDr vk; esa gqbZ o`f¼
dk 'kksj epkrs gSa] vk; osQ forj.k ij Hkh è;ku nsaxs\ D;k oks ns'k esa Hkq[kejh osQ dkj.k ejus okyksa osQ ckjs esa
Hkh lkspsaxs] fo'ks"kdj tc [kk|kUu dh iw£r mldh ek¡x ls dgha vfèkd gS\ gk¡] ¯drq osQoy oqQN ghA

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