Page 225 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZµ22% LiQhfr

esa ,d o"kZ esa ek=k 0-2 ;k 0-3 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ LiQhfr osQ :i esa o.kZu djus osQ ;ksX; ugha gks ldrh gS] D;ksafd uksV
;g i;kZIr ugha gSA blh izdkj] ,d o"kZ ftldh ,d frekgh esa ewY; Lrj 2 izfr'kr ls c<+ tk,¡ vkSj nwljh
frekgh esa 3 izfr'kr ls fxj tk,¡] rhljh frekgh esa 4 izfr'kr ls c<+ tk,¡ vkSj fiQj pkSFkh frekgh esa 5 izfr'kr
ls fxj tk,¡ rks bldk eqf'dy ls ,d LiQhfrdkjh dky osQ :i esa o.kZu fd;k tk ldrk gSA fiQj yxHkx lHkh
oLrqvksa dks ewY; esa o`f¼ vuqHko djuh pkfg,A oqQN oLrqvksa osQ ewY; esa o`f¼] tcfd vU; oLrqvksa osQ ewY;
esa fxjkoV gks] rks bls dfBukbZ ls LiQhfr osQ :i esa iqdkjus osQ ;ksX; ekuk tk,xkA
LiQhfr osQ lw{e vFkZ dks le>us osQ ckn] fofHkUu vkèkkjksa ij LiQhfr osQ vyx&vyx izdkjksa dks tkuuk egÙoiw.kZ gSA

1- LiQhfr dh nj osQ vkèkkj ij (On Basis of Rate of Inflation)

ewY; o`f¼ dh izcyrk osQ vkèkkj ij] LiQhfr dks rhu izdkjksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k tk ldrk gS] vFkkZr~ (d) jsaxrh
gqbZ LiQhfr] ([k) nkSM+rh gqbZ LiQhfr vkSj (x) vfr LiQhfr

(d) jsaxrh gqbZ LiQhfr (Creeping Inflation)µLiQhfr dh vkjafHkd voLFkk esa] ewY; cgqr de nj ij c<+rs
gSaA eqnzk dh bl ean nj dks jsaxrh gqbZ LiQhfr ekuk tk ldrk gSA ;|fi bldk ifjek.k crkuk dfBu gS] oqQN
1
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us 3 izfr'kr izfro"kZ rd dh LiQhfr dks jasxrh gqbZ LiQhfr osQ :i esa crk;k gS A vusd vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa
osQ vuqlkj] ewY; Lrj esa ean o`f¼ vk£Fkd o`f¼ osQ fy, vko';d fLFkfr gSA èkheh nj ij c<+rs gq, ewY; fuos'k
osQ fy, izsj.kk iznku dj ldrs gSaA ;s vFkZO;oLFkk dks izxfrjksèk tky (stagnation trap) esa fxjus ls cpk nsaxsA

([k) nkSM+rh gqbZ LiQhfr (Running Inflation)µ;fn ean jsaxrh gqbZ LiQhfr dks yacs le; rd vfu;af=kr jgus
fn;k tk,] rks ewY; Lrj esa o`f¼ le; osQ lkFk vfèkd izHkkoiw.kZ vkSj Hk;izn (more marked and allarming)
cu tkrh gSA ;g nkSM+rh gqbZ LiQhfr dk Lo:i èkkj.k dj ysrh gSA ,slh voLFkk esa] ewY; yxHkx 8 ls 10 izfr'kr
izfro"kZ tSls rst nj ls c<+rs gSaA nkSM+rh gqbZ LiQhfr ,d psrkouh laosQr (warning signal) gSA bl voLFkk esa
LiQhfrdkjh izo`fÙk;ksa (inflationary tendencies) dks jksdus osQ fy, mi;qDr vko';d mik; t:jh gSA ;fn le;
ij ;s dne ugha mBk, tkrs] rks nkSM+rh gqbZ LiQhfr cpr {kerk vkSj bl izdkj nh?kZ dkyhu fuos'k dk;ZØeksa esa
deh }kjk vFkZO;oLFkk mUewyu dj ldrh gSA
(x) vfr LiQhfr (Hyper Inflation)µtc ekSfnzd izkfèkdkjh nkSM+rh gqbZ LiQhfr ij fu;a=k.k [kks cSBrs gSa rks
;g vfr LiQhfr dk ifj.kke gksrh gSA ;g LiQhfr dh vafre voLFkk gS] tgk¡ ewY; Lrj c<+ ldus dh dksbZ lhek
ugha gksrhA bl voLFkk esa] ewY; vR;fèkd rhoz nj ls c<+rs gSaA bl izdkj dh LiQhfr dks ljiV ;k Nykax
LiQhfr Hkh ekuk tkrk gSA
vfRk LiQhfr esa] yksx ewY;ksa osQ vkSj c<+us dh vk'kk djrs gSa] blfy,] os LiQhfr ls vfHkK (conscious) cu tkrs
gSa] vkSj eqnzk dks cgqr rstnj ls O;; djrs gSa] ftlls izpyu osx c<+ tkrk gSA pw¡fd yksx cpr dh ykxr ij
miHkksx ij [kpZ djrs gSa] vr% cpr ls mèkkj (jkf'k) vfr LiQhfr dk fu;a=k.k djus osQ fy, vko';d
xSj&LiQhfrdkjh Ïksrksa dh iw£r djus esa vliQy jgrk gSA ljdkj dks ?kkVs dh foÙk O;oLFkk (deficit financing)
dk lgkjk ysuk iM+rk gS] tks fiQj LiQhfrdkjh gSA
vfr LiQhfr ls gj dher ij cp dj jguk pkfg,A ;g vk£Fkd izfØ;k esa fo'kky fodkj mRiUu djrh gSA ;g
orZeku lkekftd vkSj vk£Fkd izfØ;k dh vlyh mÙkjthork (very survival) dks ladV esa Hkh Mky ldrh gS]
ftlls vU;k; vkSj vlarks"k dk O;kid vuqHko mRiUUk gksrk gSA

vfrLiQhfr dk lcls cqjk :i var;qZ¼ osQ dkyksa osQ nkSjku ns[kk x;k FkkA ewY; o`f¼ Mxexk jgh Fkh] tc rd
;g ;q¼ iwoZ Lrj dh nl yk[k xquk ugha gks xbZA jkr&jkr esa vk; vkSj laifÙk osQ LkHkh :iksa us viuk ewY; [kks
fn;kA bLk LiQhfr us teZuh esa gtkjksa vkSj yk[kksa yksxksa dks cjckn dj fn;k] ;gk¡ rd fd teZu osQ eè;e oxZ
dk Hkh lR;kuk'k dj fn;kA

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