Page 228 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV (Ä) ykxrtU; LiQhfr (Cost Push Inflation)µ ykxrtU; Y
LiQhfr rc mRiUu gksrh gS] tc dPps ekyksa] eè;orhZ oLrqvksa osQ
ewY;ksa vFkok etnwfj;ksa esa o`f¼ osQ dkj.k m|ksx dh mRiknu
ykxrsa c<+ tkrh gSaA blosQ dkj.k miHkksDrk oLrqvksa osQ ewY;ksa esa D
P 4
o`f¼ gksxhA tc mRiknu ykxr c<+rh gS] rks lkewfgd iw£r oØ] Lrj P 3 C
;g fn[kkrs gq, fd izpfyr ewY;ksa ij de ek=kk dh iw£r gksrh ewY;
gS] ckb± vksj f[kld x;k gSA iw£r oØksa dk S ls S S vkSj S B
1 2, 3 4 P
2 A
ij uhps f[kldko fp=k 22-2 esa izn£'kr fd;k x;k gSA lkewfgd P
1
D
ek¡x oØ dks fLFkj ekurs gq,] iw£r esa deh ewY; Lrj dks Øe'k% 1 X
O
OP ls OP , OP o OP Åij dh vksj mBk nsrh gSA ykxrksa vk;
1 2 3 4
esa Åij dh vksj xfr (upward movement) osQ fy, vusd fp=k 22-2
dkjd mÙkjnk;h gSaA
(i) Å¡ph etnwjh njsa (Higher Wage Rates)µ'kfDr'kkyh O;kikj la?kksa (trade unions) osQ fodkl osQ lkFk]
Jfed liQyrkiwoZd vius fy, Å¡ph etnwfj;k¡ izkIr dj ysrs gSaA ;s etnwfj;k¡ mudh mRikndrk esa o`f¼
ls Hkh vfèkd gks ldrh gSaA tc iQeks± dks irk yxrk gS fd mudh Jfed ykxr c<+ jgh gS] rks os Å¡ph
ykxr dks cpkus osQ fy, ewY; c<+k nsrh gSA oLrqvksa osQ ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ fuokZg dh Å¡ph ykxr (higher

cost of living) vFkok okLrfod etnwfj;ksa esa deh izsfjr djrh gSA bl deh dks fu"izHkkfor
(neutralise) djus osQ fy, Jfed viuh etnwfj;ksa esa vkSj o`f¼ dh ek¡x djrs gSaA fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa
ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ dk vafre Hkkj miHkksDrk dks ogu djuk iM+rk gSA etnwjh njksa esa o`f¼ vkSj iQyLo:i
ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ dk flyflyk vFkZO;oLFkk eas LiQhfrdkjh ncko (etnwjh&ewY; oqaQMyhµwage- price
spiral) cuk nsrk gS] ftls etnwjh tU; LiQhfr dgk tkrk gSA ,slh LiQhfr viw.kZr;k izfr;ksxh
(imperfectly competitive) Jfed cktkj eas ikbZ tkrh gS tgk¡ Jfed vlaxfBr gksrk gS vFkok
'kfDr'kkyh izkfèkdkfj;ksa mRikndksa }kjk nfer fd;k tkrk gS] ogk¡ (;g LiQhfr) laHko ugha gSA

(ii) ykHk dh Å¡ph ek=kk,¡ (Higher Profit Margins)µ,dkfèkdkjh (monoplists) mRikndksa] tek[kksjksa vkSj
lêðcktksa }kjk ykHk dh mQ¡ph ek=kk,a fu;r djus ls Hkh ykxr dks c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA os fdlh ykxr
o`f¼ dh {kfriw£r osQ fy, i;kZIr ls vfèkd ewY;ksa dks c<+kus dh fLFkfr esa gksrs gSaA cktkj esa vU; yksx
,dkfèkdkfj;ksa dh n;k ij gksrs gSa vkSj muosQ ikl mUgsa (ewY;ksa dks) fuf'pr eku ysus osQ vfrfjDr dksbZ
fodYi ugha gksrkA pw¡fd ek¡x iw£r ls vfèkd gksrh gS] vr% mRikndksa dks ykHk gksrk gSA ijarq] iw.kZr;k
izfr;ksxh cktkj esa ykHktU; LiQhfr dh laHkkouk o£tr dj nh tkrh gSA ;g Ñf"k mRiknksa osQ cktkj osQ
fy, lR; gSA ¯drq] tc Ñf"k mRiknuksa osQ ewY; ljdkj }kjk fuf'pr fd, tkrs gSa] rks laxfBr fdlku
ykWch dk ml ewY; ij oqQN fu;a=k.k gks ldrk gS] ftl ij ;g Ñf"k mit dks csprh gSA Hkkjr esa Ñ"kd
ykWch ljdkj ij mi ewY;ksa dks lqfuf'pr j[kus osQ fy, ljdkj dks foo'k djus esa dkiQh gn rd vo';
liQy gqbZ] tks ykHktU; LiQhfr dk ewy dkj.k cukA ykHktU; LiQhfr] etnwjh tU; LiQhfr osQ
ifj.kkeLo:i Hkh gks ldrh gSA ykHktU; LiQhfr dks uhps ykuk vis{kkÑr ljy gS] D;ksafd blosQ fy,
osQoy mRikndksa }kjk foØ; ewY; esa deh djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ijarq] ,d ckj dHkh lekIr
u gksus okyh etnwjh&ewY; oaqQMyh (wage-price spiral) osQ izdV gksus ij] etnwj&ewY; LiQhfr dks
gVkuk dfBu gSA
(iii) Å¡ps dj (Higher Taxes)µljdkj fofoèkrkiw.kZ djksa dks izLrqr djosQ vkSj orZeku djksa] fo'ks"k :i ls
mRikn 'kqYd (Excise Duties) o foØ; djksa] tSls vizR;{k djkas dh njksa dks c<+kdj ykxr dks c<+k
ldrh gSA mRiknd oLrqvksa osQ ewY;ksa dks c<+kdj djksa osQ Hkkj dks miHkksDrkvksa ij Mky nsrs gSaA

222 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY