Page 226 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV 2- fu;a=k.k dh ek=kk osQ vkèkkj ij (On Basis of Degree of Control)

fu;a=k.k dh ek=kk osQ vkèkkj ij] LiQhfr dks [kqyh vkSj nfer LiQhfr esa oxhZÑr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(d) [kqyh LiQhfr (Open Inflation)µLiQhfr dks [kqyk dgk tkrk gS] tc ewY; fcuk fdlh vojksèk
(jksd) vkSj fu;a=k.k osQ yxkrkj c<+rs gSaA feYVu izQhMeSUk (Milton Friedman) osQ 'kCnksa esa] ;g ¶,d
LiQhfrdkjh izfØ;k gS] ftlesa ljdkjh ewY; fu;a=k.k vFkok feyrh&tqyrh rduhdksa }kjk fcuk jksosQ] ewY;ksa dks
c<+us fn;k tkrk gSA¸ ;g var esa vfrLiQhfr esa lekIr gks ldrh gSA ,-lh-,y- Ms (A.C.L. Dey) osQ vuqlkj]
[kqyh LiQhfr oqQN ,sls ifjorZu ls vkjaHk gksrh gS] ftls orZeku ewY;ksa ij mIkyCèk gks ldus okyh laiw.kZ ek¡x dks
larq"V djuk vlaHko cukdj vkjafHkd ewY; o`f¼ dk ifj.kke gksrh gSA ewY;ksa esa vkSj o`f¼ lkSnscktksa dh
izfrfØ;kvksa ls izsfjr gksrk gSA
([k) nfer LiQhfr (Suppressed Inflation)µbl izdkj dh LiQhfr osQ varxZr] ;|fi ewY; Lrj osQ c<+us
dh fLFkfr;k¡ gksrh gS] ¯drq ewY; fu;a=k.k vkSj fu;af=kr forj.k (rationing) tSlh ljdkj uhfr;ksa osQ iz;ksx }kjk
ewY; Lrj dks c<+us ugha fn;k tkrkA oqQN vlkèkkj.k fLFkfr;ksa] tgk¡ Hkfo"; osQ fy, dksbZ LiQhfrdkjh ncko fu£er
ugha gks jgk gksrk] dks NksM+dj T;ksagh fu;a=k.k mik; mBk fy, tkrs gSa] ewY; c<+ ldrs gSaA nfer LiQhfr osQ nks
RkkRi;Z gS] ;kuh miHkksDrk O;; dk LFkku vkSj ek¡x dk fopyuA

tc ekStwnk ewY; o`f¼ dks jksdus osQ fy, uhfr;k¡ dk;kZfUor dh tkrh gS] rks nfEkr LiQhfr miHkksx O;; esa LFkxu
izsfjr djrh gSA ;q¼dky osQ nkSjku] ewY; o`f¼ osQ izfrowQy izHkkoksa dks Vkyus osQ fy, ljdkj forj.k fu;a=k.k vkSj
vU; fu;a=k.kksa dk lgkjk ysrh gSA iQyLo:i] miHkksDrk vkSj iQes± cprsa ,d=k djrh gSa] D;ksafd os mu oLrqvksa
dks [kjhnus esa vleFkZ gSa] ftUgsa os orZeku ewY;ksa o vk; Lrjksa ij pkgrs gSaA lkSnscktksa dh ek¡x (pent up
demand) mu okafNr oLrqvksa o lsokvksa dks [kjhnus ls iwjk gksrh gS] tc Hkh os miyCèk gksrh gSaA fu;a=k.k dk yack
le; (pent up) ek¡x dks bruk vfèkd c<+k nsrk gS fd fu;a=k.k vizHkkoh (ineffective) gks tkrk gS vkSj dkyk
cktkj (black market) mRiUu gksrk gSA vr% nfer LiQhfr osQ varxZr] ewY; vLFkk;h :i ls c<+us ls jksosQ tkrs
gSa] ;|fi ewY;ksa dks Åij mBkrh gqbZ Tokykeq[kh 'kfDr;k¡ ekStwn gksrh gSA os fdlh Hkh {k.k iQV ldrh gSa] ;fn
mUgsa ,slk djus dk volj izkIr gksrk gS] ftldk ifj.kke [kqyh vfr LiQhfr gksrh gSaA

nfer LIkQhfr osQ dkj.k ,d izdkj dh oLrqvksa ls nwljs izdkj dh oLrqvksa esa ek¡x dk fopyu Hkh gks ldrk
gSA pw¡fd izR;sd oLrq dk jk'ku vkSj fu;a=k.k djuk laHko ugha gS] vr% cpr dh xbZ vfrjsd eqnzk vfu;af=kr vkSj
xSj&jk'kuokyh oLrqvksa ij [kpZ gks ldrh gSA oqQN fLFkfr;ksa esa] ;g O;; dks mu ekxks± esa Hkh fopfyr dj ldrk
gS] tks vuqRiknh le>s (unproductive) tkrs gSaA

nfer LiQhfr osQ vusd [krjs gSa] igyk] ;g iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ mRiUu djrh gS] fo'ks"k :i ls tc iz'kklu
v;ksX; vkSj Hkz"V gksrk gS] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i dkyk cktkjh (black marketing) gksrh gSA nwljk] ;g ns'k osQ
mRiknd lalkèkuksa dk fLFkj ewY; dh vko';d oLrq,¡ mRiUu djus okys m|ksxksa ls vuko';d oLrq,¡ mRiUu djus
okys m|ksxksa (ftuosQ ewY; fu;af=kr ugha fd, tkrs)] esa vuk£Fkd fopyu izsfjr djrk gSA var esa] fu;a=k.k iqQjlr
(leisure) osQ vkd"kZ.k dks c<+krs gSaA tc dksbZ O;fDr viuh orZeku vk; ls mu lHkh oLrqvksa dks eqDr :i ls
[kjhn ugha ldrk] ftUgsa og [kjhnuk pkgrk gS] rks blosQ mRiknu esa deh vkSj LiQhfr mRiUu gksxhA

3- dkj.kksa osQ vkèkkj ij (On Basis of Causes)

dkj.kkksa osQ vkèkkj ij LiQhfr ik¡p izdkj gh gSA
(d) [kkl LiQhfr (Credit Inflation)µcSad xzkgdksa osQ izkFkfed tekvksa (primary deposits) rFkk cSad }kjk
fn, x, Í.kksa o mèkkjksa (loans and advances) ls mRIkUu O;qRiUu tekvksa (derivative doposits) osQ vkèkkj ij

220 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY