Page 231 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZµ22% LiQhfr

vkSj vfr LiQhfr dk :i èkkj.k dj ysrh gS] rks laiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk fcxM+ tkrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa] ;kstuk iz.kkyh uksV
vLr&O;Lr gks tkrh gS vkSj vk£Fkd fodkl dh izfØ;k #d ldrh gSA LiQhfr osQ izHkkoksa dks rhu 'kh"kZdksa esa
vè;;u fd;k tk ldrk gSA

1- mRiknu vkSj vk£Fkd fØ;kvksa ij izHkko (Effects on Production and Economic Activities)

jsaxrh gqbZ rjg dh LiQhfr dk mRiknu] jkstxkj vkSj bl izdkj vk£Fkd fØ;kvksa ij 'kfDr oèkZd izHkko gks ldrk
gSA ek¡x dh deh ls ihfM+r vFkZO;oLFkksa osQ fy, c<+s gq, O;; ls mRiknu dks c<+kus vkSj jkstxkj mRiUu djus
osQ fy, m|ksxksa osQ ifg, vPNh rjg ls fpduk, gksrs gSaA ewY;ksa osQ c<+us osQ dkj.k c<+h gqbZ ykHk ek=kk,¡ iQek±s
dks vkSj fuos'k djus osQ fy, izsfjr djrs gSa] ftlosQ dkj.k csdkj ekuo 'kfDr vkSj viz;qDr lkèkuksa dks jkstxkj
fey ldrk gSA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i vfèkd vk; mRiUu gksxh] ftlls ek¡x esa o`f¼ izsfjr gksxhA fdlh Hkh fLFkfr
esa de ls de 'kq:&'kq: esa fLFkj vk; oxZ osQ yksxksa dh gkfu;ka 'ks"k leqnk; osQ ykHkksa ls de gksrh gSA Jfedksa
dk jkstxkj mUgsa csgrj Hkh cuk ldrk gSA

le; osQ lkFk] tc LiQhfr fdlh lhek osQ ckgj pyh tkrh gS rks ;g vk£Fkd iz.kkyh esa vO;oLFkk (chaos)
mRiUu dj nsrh gSA ;g mRiknu esa deh vkSj csjkstxkjh eas o`f¼ dk ifj.kke cu ldrh gS] D;ksafd Hkfo"; esa
vfèkd ykHk dekus osQ fy,] iQe±s mRiknu djus dh ctk; lap; djuk ykHkizn le>rh gSaA mu etnwjksa dh dVq
Jfed gM+rkyksa osQ dkj.k mRiknu esa ckèkk Hkh vk ldrh gS] ftudh okLrfod vk; LiQhfr dky esa fxj xbZ
FkhA dHkh&dHkh T;knk ykHk izkIr djus osQ fy, mRiknd mRikfnr oLrqvksa o lsokvksa dh xq.koÙkk Hkh fxjk ldrs
gSaA

2- vk; forj.k ij izHkko (Effects on Distribution of Income)

LiQhfr lekt osQ LkHkh oxks± dks leku :i ls izHkkfor ugha djrhA oqQN yksx LiQhfr ls ykHk izkIr djrs gSa] vU;
yksxksa dks gkfu igq¡prh gS] yksxksa dks fdruh cqjh rjg ls gkfu igaqprh gS] (;g) vk; o laifÙk dh (ml) jkf'k
ij fuHkZj djrk gS] tks LiQhfr muls Nhu ysrh gSA ;fn lHkh ewY; mlh fn'kk esa vkSj mlh gn rd c<+s gksrs] (rks)
LiQhfr osQ izHkkoksa ij è;ku ugha fn;k gksrkA ;fn oLrqvksa o lsokvksa osQ ewY; esa o`f¼] tSls 20 izfr'kr] dks
etnwfj;ksa] fdjk;k] ykHk] bR;kfn esa vkuqikfrd o`f¼ }kjk cjkcj dj fn;k tkrk gS] rks yksxksa dh Ø;'kfDr vkSj
blfy, thouLrj vizHkkfor jgrkA O;ogkj esa] lHkh ewY; ,d gh nj ls ifjo£rr ugha gksrsA vr%] LiQhfr oqQN
(yksxksa) dks ykHk vkSj vU; (yksxksa) dks gkfu igq¡pkrh gSA lekt osQ fofHkUu oxks± ij LiQhfr osQ izHkkoksa dks vc
le>k;k tk ldrk gSA

(d) mRiknd (Producers)µ;gk¡ mRikndksa osQ oxZ] esa fuekZrk] O;kikjh vkSj fdlku 'kkfey gksrs gSaA os lHkh
LiQhfr dky osQ nkSjku ykHk izkIr djrs gSaA oLrqvksa osQ ewY; mRiknu ykxr dh vis{kk vfèkd rst nj ls c<+rs
gSaA oLrqvksa osQ ewY;ksa dh o`f¼ vkSj etnwfj;ksa] C;kt] fdjk;k] chek fd'rksa] bR;kfn vkxrksa osQ ewY;ksa dh o`f¼
osQ chp ges'kk ,d le; varjky gksrk gSA blfy,] mudh ykHk ek=kk,¡ (profit margins) c<+ tkrh gSA mRiknd
vkSj O;kikjh Hkh oLrqvksa dh Ñf=ke deh mRiUu djosQ fo'kky ykHk iSnk djrs gSaA (ftlosQ) dkj.k vkSj ewY;
o`f¼ gksrh gSA foØ; vfrjsd (marketable surplus) osQ lkFk cM+s fdlkuksa dks Hkh ewY; o`f¼ ls ykHk gksrk gS]
fo'ks"kdj os fdlku tks LiQhfr laosnh iQlysa (inflation sensitive Crops) mxkrs gSaA lekU;r;k] bu iQlyksa osQ
ewY; fu£er oLrqvksa osQ ewY;ksa dh vis{kk rsth ls c<+rs gSaA Ñf"k oLrqvksa dh csykspnkj ek¡x fdlkuksa dks oLrq,a
lap; djus dks izsfjr djrh gS] ftlls mUgsa Hkfo"; esa Åaps ewY; ij cspk tk,A thou fuokZg [ksrh esa yxs NksVs
fdlku LiQhfr ls vfèkd izHkkfor ugha gksrsA

yxkrkj ewY; Lrj c<+us ls mRiUu vfuf'prrk osQ dkj.k LiQhfr lêð dh fØ;kvksa dks izksRlkgu nsrh gSA vfèkd
s

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