Page 8 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV cktkj) tcfd lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k esa laiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk (Economy as a Whole) osQ Lrj ij vk£Fkd leL;kvksa
dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA
'ksfijks osQ vuqlkj] ¶lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k laiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk osQ dk;Zdj.k ls lacafèkr gSA¸ (Macro-
economics deals with the functioning of the economy as a whole.–Shapiro)

,Dys xkMZuj osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶lef"V&vFkZO;oLFkk dk lacaèk ,sls pjksa osQ lkFk gS tSls vFkZO;oLFkk esa
mRikn dh oqQy ek=kk] blosQ lalkèkuksa dk fdl lhek rd mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] jk"Vªh; vk; dk
vkdkj rFkk lkekU; dher LrjA¸ (“Macroeconomics concerns with such variables as the
aggregate volume of the output of an economy, with the extent to which its resources are
employed, with the size of national income and with the general price level.”–Ackley Gardner)

,eú,pú LisUlj osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k dk lacaèk leLr vFkZO;oLFkk vFkok mlosQ
cM+s&cM+s {ks=kksa ls gSA blosQ varxZr ,slh leL;kvksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS] tSls csjkstxkjh dk
Lrj] eqnzk LiQhfr dh nj] jk"Vª dk oqQy mRikn rFkk vU; fo"k;] ftudk laiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk osQ
fy;s egÙo gksrk gSA¸ (“Macroeconomics is concerned with the economy as a whole or large
segments of it. In macroeconomics attention is focussed on such problems as the level of
unemployment, the rate of inflation, the nation’s total output and other matters of economy-
wide significance.”–M.H. Spencer)

,d vko';d lkoèkkuh (A Necessary Caution)

izk;% ;g dgk tkrk gS fd lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k leqPp;ksa (Aggregates) dk vè;;u gS u fd ¶O;fDrxr
bdkb;ksa¸ (Individual units) dk] ftudk vè;;u osQoy O;f"V&vFkZ'kkL=k esa fd;k tkrk gSA ¯drq ;g varj
vLi"V gSA bl varj dks le>us osQ fy, lkoèkkuh dh vko';drk gSA bl lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr nks egÙoiw.kZ
ckrksa ij è;ku nsuk vko';d gSµ
(i) lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k leqPp;ksa dk vè;;u gS vkSj og Hkh osQoy lewph vFkZO;oLFkk osQ Lrj ijA vr% tc
ge lef"V&vFkZO;oLFkk esa ek¡x dk mYys[k djrs gSa rc gekjk vfHkizk; lexz ek¡x (Aggregate
Demand) ls gksrk gSA ftldk fufgr vFkZ leLr oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dh lewph vFkZO;oLFkk osQ lHkh
{ks=kksa }kjk dh xbZ ek¡x ls gS] (tSls] lHkh ifjokjksa] lHkh iQeks± rFkk ljdkj dh ek¡x)A
(ii) blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd O;f"V&vFkZ'kkL=k esa O;fDrxr bdkb;ksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS fdUrq bldk
;g vFkZ ugha gS fd blesa O;fDrxr bdkbZ ls lacafèkr leqPp;ksa dk vè;;u ugha fd;k tkrkA

uksV~l O;f"V rFkk lef"V nksuksa vFkZ'kkL=kksa esa ek¡x@iw£r dk tksM+ fd;k tkrk gSA ¯drq O;f"V&vFkZ'kkL=k esa og
leqPp; fdlh ,d oLrq ;k ,d cktkj (tSls] fØosQV dh xsanksa dk cktkj) rd gh lhfer gksrk] tcfd
lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k esa mu lHkh oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dk tksM+ fd;k tkrk gS ftUgsa ,d vFkZO;oLFkk
mRikfnr djrh gS] pkgs ;s fØosQV dh xsan gks ;k eq£x;ka ;k pwtsA

O;f"V&vFkZ'kkL=k esa tc ge vFkZ'kkL=k dh ikB~; iqLrdksa (Text Books) dh ek¡x rFkk iw£r osQ lacaèk esa ckr djrs
gSa rc gekjk rkRi;Z osQoy vFkZ'kkL=k osQ ikB~; osQ cktkj ls gh gksrk gS] fiQj Hkh blesa oqQy ek¡x rFkk oqQy iw£r
lfEefyr gksrh gS Hkys gh ;g oqQy ek¡x mu lHkh fo|k£Fk;ksa dh gksrh gS tks osQoy vFkZ'kkL=k dh ikB~; iqLrosaQ
[kjhnrs gSa rFkk oqQy iw£r Hkh mu lHkh iQeks± dh gksrh gS tks osQoy vFkZ'kkL=k dh ikB~; iqLrosaQ csprs gSaA

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