Page 16 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇
+ ilpsI Aqy kirstl dy muqwibk “nIiq apkrx dy aicq mulW dw cunwv krxw smStI ArQ-SwSqr
sMbDI nIiq dI smisAwvW hY qwik pirxwmW dy SrySTqm sNBv sNXogo ƒ pRpq ikqw jw sky[ ieh inrNqr
pirvrqnSIl smisAw hY ikaNik ivSv ArQ-ivvsQw dy iviBn BwgW dy AwGwqW dy kwrx lkS inrNqr
pRBwivq huMdy rhdy hY[” (The macroeconomics policy problem is to choose appropriate values
of the policy instruments in order to achieve the best possible combination of the outcomes
of the targets. This is a continually changing problem because the targets are perpetually
being affected by shocks from various parts of the world economy.” – Lipsey and Chrystal)

‡≈√’ smStI ArQ-SwSqr dI muK smisAwvW auqy Awpxy ivcwr dyvo[

sImWvW (Limitations)
iksy vI hor ivSy dI qrW smStI ArQ-SwSqr dI vI sImweyN hMudI hY[ ies sMbd ivc hyT ilK`I itpxI DAwx
dyx vwlI hY-
1. rcxw dw qrk doS (The Fallacy of Composition) - smStI ArQ-SwSqr dy Anyk nqIjw ivAkqIgq
iekwivAW dI srl siMmSrx qy AwDwirq hY[ pr jyxy qQ ivAkqI dy leI qrkpurx Aqy TIk huMdy hn, ieh
jrUrI nhI ik purI ArQ-ivvsQw dy leI vI qrkpurx Aqy TIk hovy[ bySk, bcq krxw iek ivAkqI dy
leI cMgI Awdq (Virtue) hY pr jykr hr ivAkqI bcq krx lgygw qw kul mMg G`t ho jwvygI ijdy nwl
invyS leI koeI pRyrxw nhI hovygI Aqy rwStrI Awmdn iv`c kmI Aw jwvygI[ AKr iv`c iesdy pirxwmsrup
rwStrI bcq vI GtygI n ik vfygI[ pRO. smXulsn ny iehƒ “ rcxw do qrk doS” ikhw hY[ asdy muqwibk
smStI ArQ-SwSqr dI AqXiDk swmwnXIkrx (Excessive Generalization) dI pRiviq ijsdy kwrx
ivAkqIgq AnuBvW ƒ purI ArQ-ivvsQw aqy lwgu ikqw jw skdw hY, TIk nhI hY[
2. ivjwqIAw iekwieAW (Heterogeneous Units) – smuco dy AiDAn Kyqr iv`c Anyk ivjwqIAw
iekwieAW smwl hMudI hY[ ien iekwieAW ƒ hr qrw nwl mwpAw jwdw hY[ ien iekwieAN ƒ iek smwn
sNKXw Aqy smjwqIAw mwp dy rup iv`c vXkq krxw sMBv nhI hUMdw[ pRo. bolifg dy muqwibk iehƒ hyT
ilKy gey adwhrxW rwhI smJAw jw skdw hY-
6 syv + 7 syv = 13 syv ( ieh iek ArQpurx smuc hY)
6 syv + 7 sMqry = 13 Pl ( ieh vI iek ArQpurx smuc hY)
6 syv + 7 mkwx = ( ieh iek ArQhin smuc hY)
auqy ilKy audwhrx nwl ieh spst hY ik ivjwqIAw iekwieAw dw smuc sdw Aspst huMdw hY[ ivjwqIAw
iekwieAw dy leI Bwvy AwsI mudrw dw apXog iek swJy Bwjk (Comman denominator) dy rup iv`c kry,
pr modrk m`ul (Money Value) iesdy apXog mul (Value in use) dw shI mwp nhI hY[
3. Kud smuc dI ApySw smuc dI rcxw Aqy FWcw AiDk mhqvpurx hY (The Composition or Structure
of the Aggregate is more important than Aggregate itself)- smStI ArQ-SwSqr iv`c
smuc dw AiDAn ikqw jwdw hY pr hikkq iv`c iksI pRxwlI ƒ Kud smuc dI ApySw smuc dI rcxw jo
asdw FWcw AiDk pRBwivq krdw hY[ mwx ilijAy swl 2006 Aqy swl 2007 iv`c kImq dw p`Dr
siQr rhdw hY, pr iesdw ieh mqlb iblkul nhI hY ik swl 2007 iv`c kImqW iv`c koeI bdlwv nhI
hoieAw[ ho skdw hY swl 2007 iv`c kImqW iv`c koeI kmI hoeI hO Aqy aDoigk vsquAW dI kImqW iv`c
virDI[PlsvrUp swmwnAw kimq-p`Dr isQr bxw irhw ho[ ies leI kImqW ƒ shI FNg nwl smJx
dy leI, smuc dw AiDAn aunW hI jrurI hY ijnW Kud smuc dw[ pr smStI ArQ-SwSqr iv`c pRWclo

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