Page 17 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI-1: smStI ArQSwsqr dw pircX

(Parameters) dy sNrcnwqmk ivSlySx (Structural Analysis) ƒ kdy kdwr (Seldom) hI brwbwr È؇
dw mhwqv idqw jwdw hY[
4. Smuco dy iviBn pRBwv (Diverse Effects of Aggregates) - smStI ArQ-SwSqr dI iek dUjI
sImw ieh hY ik ArQ-ivvsQw dy iviBn KyqrW iv`c iek smuc dy iviBn pRBwvW dw AiDAn nhI ikqw
jwdw[- smStI- pRWclo (Parameters) ArQ-ivvsQw dy swry KyqrW auqy ieko ijhw (Uniform) pRBwv
nhI pYqw[ adwhrx dy qor qy, kImq p`Dr iv`c hox vwlI virDI dw vpwrIAw Aqy aDogpiqAW ƒ PwAdymMd
pRBwv pYqW hY pr vyqn BoigAw (Wage-earners) ƒ nukSwn cu`kxw pYdW hY[smStI ArQ-SwSqr iv`c
ieho ijhI pRqIiniDk smuh (Cross Section) dy AiDAn dw Aiq sNiSpq AlyK hI pwieAw jwdw hY[
sNSyp iv`c swmuihk ivSlySl qy iDAwn kyNdr krdy hoey smStI ArQ-SwSqr Awksr ieho ijhy ivAstI
pRWclo dy mhwqv dI Avhylxw krdw hY jo ik ivSy-vsqU dy mulBuq q`q hn[
ies leI lokW ƒ inrDnqw Aqy jIvx dI guxvqw do mulXWkx krdy smW AwsI hmySw asdI hr ivAkqI
Awmdn Aqy apBog ƒ pRWcl (Parameter) mn ildy hW Aqy ies q`Q dI EpySw krdy hY ik Bly hI smy
dy nwl nwl AOsq pRWcl (Average Parameter) iv`c inrNqr virDI hO rhI hY Pyr vI an lokW dI
kul igxqI iv`c vI virDI ho geI hY jyVy inrDnqw ryKw qo nIcy rhdy hn[ kI smStI ArQ-SwSqr
jyVw Bwrq dI hr ivAwkqI Awmdn iv`c hoeI virDI do sor mcdy hn, Awmdn dy ivqrx qy vI iDAwx
dyxgy? kI auh dyS iv`c BuKmwrI nwl mwrx vwlAw vwry vI socxgy, Kwskr, jd KwDwn dI purqI asdI
mMg nwlo khI AiDk hY? iPr isrP kuC hI[
muK ibdMu (Key Points)
J smStI ArQ-SwSqr (Macroeconomics) – ieh purI ArQ-ivvsQw dy p`Dr qy AwriQk smisAwvW
Aqy mudo dw AiDAn krdw hY, ijvy byrojgwrI, mudrw sPIiq dr, vwpwr ckr AwdI[
J ivAstI Aqy smStI ArQ-SwSqr iv`c AMqr dy muK ibdMu (Principal Points of Difference be-
tween Micro and Macro Economics) – (i) ivAstI ArQ-SwSqr iek ivAkqIgq AwriQk
iekweI ijvy iek pirvwr Aqy iek Prm nwl sMbDq AwriQk smisAwvW / mudo dw AiDAn krdw
hY[ smStI ArQSwSqr ArQ-ivvsQw dy nwl sMbDq AwriQk smisAwvW dw AiDAn krdw hY[ (ii)
ivAstI ArQSwSqr sNswDnW dy SryTqm btvwry (Optimum allocation of resources) qy kydrq hY
jdik smStI ArQSwSqr ArQ-ivvsQw dy aqpwdn Aqy rojgwr p`Dr qy kyNdrq hY[ (iii) ivAstI
ArQ-SwSqr dI ivSw swmgrI iv`c “kImq” muK pRwcl hY jdik smStI ArQ-SwSqr iv`c ieh
“rwStir Awmdn” hY[ (iv) ivAstI ArQ-SwSqr “AWiSk sNqulx” ivSlySx qy AwDirq hY hdik
smStI ArQ-SwSqr (Quasi general equilibrium) ArD swmwnAw squlx ivSlySx qy[
J smStI ArQ-SwSqr dy AiDAn dw Kyqr (Areas of Macroeconomic Study) – (i) rwStrI
Awmdn dw isDWq, (ii) rojgwr dw isDWq, (iii) mudrw dw isDWq, (iv) swmwnAw kImq p`Dr dw isDWq,
(v) AwriQk sMivrDI dw isDWq, (vi) AMqrrwStrI vwpwr dw isDWq[
J smStI ArQ-SwSqr dy muK mudy (Major Macroeconomic Issues) - (i) sMvirDI Aqy ivkws
(ii) rojgwr (iii) vwpwirk ckr (iv) mudrw sPIiq (v) bjt sMbDI Gwtw Aqy rwjkoiSAw nIiq
(vi) ibAwj drw Aqy modrk nIiq[ sMvirDI Aqy ivkws, rojgwr Aqy vwpwirk ckrW dy mudO ƒ smStI
ArQ-SwSqr dw lkS minAw jwdw hY[ modrk Aqy rwjkoiSAw nIiqAw dy mudo ƒ smStI ArQ-SwSqr
dI nIiqAw Aqy apkrx minAw jwdw hY[
J smStI ArQ-SwSqr dI sImwvW (Limitations of Macroeconomics) – (i) rcxw dw qrk
dOS: smStI ArQ-SwSqr dy Anyk inSkrS srl rup qy ivAkqIgq iekweIAw dI soKI sNrcxw qy
AwDirq hY[ (ii) ivjwqIAw iekweIAw ivjwqIAw iekweIAw dw smuc sdw glq inskrS idqw hY[
(iii) Kud smuc dI vjh smuc dw FwcW ijAwdw mhqvpurx hY jdik smStI ArQ-SwSqr dw AiDAn
swdw iesdI Avhylxw krdw hY (iv) AwbwdI dy vK-vK vrgW qy smucw dy iBn pRBwvW ƒ sdw koeI
mhqr nhI idqw jwdw[

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