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Ashwani Panesar, Lovely Professional University iekweI–29: svwn mofl

iekweI-29: svwn mofl È؇

(Swan Model)

«ÚÙ∂ Ú√» (Contents)

¿πÁ∂Ù (Objectives)
ÍÃ√Â≈ÚÈ≈ (Introduction)
29.1 AWqirk Aqy bwhrI sMquln dy leI nIiqAW : Krc bdlwv Aqy Krc-Gtwxw (Policies
for Internal and External Balance : Expenditure Switching and Expenditure
Reducing)
29.2 √≈≈ßÙ (Summary)

29.3 ÙÏÁ’ØÙ (Keywords)
29.4 ¡«Ì¡≈√ ÍzÙÈ (Review Questions)

29.5 √Ïß«Ë Íπ√Â’ª (Further Readings)

¿πÁ∂Ù (Objectives)

ies iekweI dy AiDAn qO bwd ividAwrQI Xog hoxgy:
J AWqirk Aqy bwhrI sMquln leI nIiqAW jwnx leI[
J Krc-bdlwv Aqy Krc-Gtwxw jwnx leI[

ÍÃ√Â≈ÚÈ≈ (Introduction)
modirk-rwjkoSIX nIiqAW dy inSicq audyS huMdy hn jyVy nIqI aupkrxW dy apBog rwhI pRwpq kIqy jw skdy
hY[ ieh hn – purx rojgwr AwriQk viriD, kImq siQrqw Aqy Bugqwn bkwieAW dw sMquln[ ieh audyS sdw
iek dUjy nwl ivroDI huMdy hn[ modirk Aqy rwjkosIX nIiqAW ien ivroDW dI pRikiriq Aqy smwDwn dy apXukq
swDnW jW auhnW dy iv`c sh-sMbD sQwipq krx dw AiDAn krdI hY[ ien smiSAwvW dw ivSlySx mu`Kqor qy
AWqirk Aqy bwhrI dovy audySW dy Aly-duAwly kyNdirq hoieAW hY[ AWqirk sNquln Awmdn Aqy purx rojgwr
nwl sMbiDq hY Aqy bwhrI sMquln dw sMbD Bugqwn bkwieAW dy sMquln nwl huMdw hY[
AwriQk (modirk Aqy rwjkoSIX) nIqI dw isDWq do v`K-v`K smisAwvW dy Aly-duAwly kyNdirq ho igAW hY[
pwihlW nIqI audyS dI igxqI Aqy nIqI apkrxW dI igxqI dy iv`c sMbND Aqy dUjW, lkSW dI pRwpqI dy leI
nIqI apkrx dw AwvMtn[
jw`n itnbrgn pwihlW ArQSwSqrI sI ijny ieh ikhw ik nIqI-apkrx dI igxqI audySW dI igxqI dy brwbr
hoxI cwhdI hY[ jykr nIqI-apkrxW dI bjwey audySW dI igxqI v`D hY, qW iehdw mqlb hY ik nIqI audyS dI
purqI dy leI pury Aojwr nhI hn[ dUjy pwsy, jykr audySW dI igxqI dI bjwey nIqI apkrxW dI igxqI v`D
hY qW iehdw mqlb hY ik audySW Aqy AojwrW dw iek hI sMXog nhI hY ijdy nwl smiSAW hl hovygI, blik n
jwxy ikny sMXog nwl hY[ ies qrW, AwriQk nIqI dI sPlqw dy leI lox hY ik nIqI AojwrW dI igxqI nIqI
lkiSAW dI igxqI dy brwbr hovy[ ieh itnbrgn inXm jW inSicq lkS Dwrxw (fixed target approach)
dy nW qy jwinAw jwx lwigAW hY[
dUjI smisAW ieh pYdw huMdI hY ik jdo nIqI audySW Aqy nIqI aupkrxW dI igxqI brwbr hovy qW idqy hoey audyS

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