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iekweI–5: rojgwr dw klwiskI isDWq
jwvygw[ iedy dujI Aor, jykr mudrw dI mwqrw ƒ AwDw kIqw jwvy qW kImq p`Dr vI AwDw ho jwvygw[ ies È؇
qrW, mudrw kyvl iek Awvrx (veil) hY ijsdw muK kMm Awm kImq p`Dr inDwirq krxw hY ijs qy vsquAw Aqy
syvwvW dw ivinmX hMudw hY[
pIgu dw mq (Pigou’s Version)
rojgwr dy klwiskI isDWq ƒ AMqm rup dyx dw Sry pIgu ƒ jwdW hY ijsny sy
dy inXm ƒ imhnqI mwrikt dy pRsMg iv`c sUqrb`D kIqw[ pIguU dy Anuswr ,
svqMqr pRiqXoigqw dy AMqrgq AwriQk pRxwlI dI prvriq ieh rihMdI hY
ik myhnqI mwrikt ivc Awpxy-Awp pUrx rojgwr pRdwn kry[ mjdUrI dy FwNcy
iv`c kTorqw Aqy svqMqr mwrikt-ArQivvsQw dy kMmkwj iv`c hsqSyp nwl
byrojgwrI AWdI rY ty@f XuinXnW ƒ mwinAwqw dykr Aqy nXunqm mjdUrI inXm
AwdI bxwkr rwjX hsqSyp krdw hY Aqy SrmiDkwrwqmk rvYXw Apnwdw hY,
qW mjdUrI v`D jWdI hY Aqy byrojgwrI AwdI hY[ jykr srkwr dw hsqSyp h`tw
idqw jwvy Aqy pRiqXoigqw dI qkqW ƒ svqnqrqw dy nwl kwrX krx idqw jwvy
qW mjdUrI dI drW ƒ G`twx- v`Dwx nwl purx rojgwr ho jwvygw[ ijvyjw pIgu
ny lkS ikqw hY, “purx rup nwl svqnqr pRiqXoigqw dy hihdy… sdW ieko
ijhI pRvirqI pRbl rup nwl kwrXSIl rwvygI ijdy nwl mjdUrI dI drW mMg nwl
ies qrW sMbD hovy ik hr ivAkqI rojgwr iv`c lwigAw rvy[” pIgu rwhI pyS
smIkrx N=qY/W swrI ÍÃ√Â≈ÚÈ≈ dI ivAwiKAw kr iddW hY[ ies smIkrx icqr 5.3
iv`c N rojgwr iv`c lgy SrimkW dI igxqI hY q mjdUrI Aqy vyqn dy rup iv`c
Arijq rwStrI Awmdn dw iek ihsw hY, Y rwStrI Awmdn hY Aqy W ƒ G`tkr N ƒ v`DwieAw jw skdw
hY [ ies qrW purx rojgwr dI kuMjI ieh hY ik mudrw-mjdUrI G`tw dI jwvy[ ies icqr 5.3 iv`c spSt kIqw
igAw hY[ icqr dy Bwg (A) iv`c S Srm dw purqI vkr hY Aqy D Srm dw mMg vkr hY[ E qy dovy vkrW dw
ktwv purx rojgwr dy ivMdu N ƒ Aqy vwsqivk mjdUrI W/p nUN p@gt krdw hY ijQy pr, purx rojgwr hY jykr
0
vwsqwivk mjdUrI dI qulnw Aiq v`fy p`Dr =W/p qy rwiKAw jwvy qW Srm dI mMg qo purqI sd v`D jWdI hY
1
Aqy N N Srm byrojgwr rwihdw hY byrojgwrI qd hI smpq ho skdI hY Aqy purx rojgwr dw p`Dr pRwpq ho
0 F
skdw hY jd mjdUrI ƒ G`twkr W/P qy ly jwieAw jwvy ies icqr dy Bwg (B) ivc idKieAw igAw hY[ MPL
Srm dI sImWq aqpwdkqw dw vkr hY, jyxw mMg vkr dI qrw Qwly dI Aor FwlU hY[ iesdw kwrx ieh hY ik
v`D Srm rojgwr qy ley jWdy hn qW ausdI sImWq aqpwdkw G`t ho jWdI hY ikaik hr Srimk mjdUrI ausdI
sImWq auqpwdkqw dy brwbr hI pRwpq huMdI hY iesleI mjdUrI ivc W/P qo W/P hox nwl ArQ-ivvsQw
1
purx rojgwr dy p`Dr N ƒ pRwpq huMdI hY[
F
rojgwr dy klwiskI mw`fl iv`c, mudrw-mjdUrI Aqy vwsqivk mjdUrI iv`c bdlwv pRiqAS sMbD Aqy smwnUpwqI
hMudy hn[ *jd mudrw-mjdurI ivc ktoqI hMdI hY qW vwsqivk mjdUrI aunI hI mqrw iv`c G`t ho jWdI hY, jyVI
byrojgwrI ƒ G`t kr iddI hY Aqy AMq iv`c ArQ-ivvsQw dy purx rojgwr ly AwdI hY[ ieh sMbD ies Dwrxw qy
AwDwirq hY ik kImqy mudrw dI mqrw dy smwnupwiqk huMdI hY[ qrk ieh hY ik idqw jwdW hY ik pRiqXoigqwmulk
ArQ-ivvsQw iv`c mudrw-mjdUrI iv`c kmI, aqpwdn dI lwgq Aqy vsquAW dI kImq G`tw iddI hY ijdy nwl
auhdI mMg v`D jWdI hY[ vsquAw dI v`DI hueI mMg ƒ purw krx dy leI ausdw
aqpwdn krx ƒ v`D Srimk rojgwr qy ley jwdy hY[
rojgwr jd v`Ddw jwdW hY qW kul aqpwdn vI v`Ddw jwdW hY[ jd qk purx
rojgwr dI isDqI nhI pRwpq ho jWdI[ pr jd ArQ-ivvsQw purx rojgwr
p`Dr qy hMudI hY qW kul aqpwdn siDr ho jwdW hY[ AMq puMjI dw stwk, pRO-
DoigkI igAwn Aqy swDn idqy hox qy kul aqpwdn Aqy rojgwr dI mwqrw iv`c
iek inscq sMbD pwieAw jwdW hY kul aqpwdn mjdurI dI igxqI dw v`Dxw
Pln hY[ iehwn icqr 5.4 iv`c ivKwieAw igAw hY[ auQy Q=f(K,T,N) ijdy icqr 5.4
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 51
