Page 231 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—18% yksd O;; osQ izHkko

uksV
18-5 csjkstxkjh vkfFkZd vfLFkjrk dk gh ifj.kke gS
(Unemployment is the Result of Economic Instability)

csjkstxkjh dks vkfFkZd oqQlaxBu (economic disorganisation) dk ,d eq[; izrhd ekuk tkrk gSA ;g
osQoy rHkh mRiUu gksrh gS tcfd mRiknu osQ fofHkUu lk/uksa osQ chp oqqQlek;kstu (maladjustment) vFkok
oqQO;oLFkk (disorder) mRiUu gks tkrh gSA ;g vFkZO;oLFkk (economy) osQ fy, lokZf/d v#fpdj fLFkfr
gksrh gS_ dkj.k ;g gS fd tks yksx buosQ f'kdkj gksrs gSa mlosQ fy, ;g cM+s d"V rFkk eqlhcrsa [kM+h dj nsrh
gS vkSj mudk uSfrd iru djk nsrh gSA vr% ;g ljdkj dk mÙkjnkf;Ro gksrk gS fd og iw.kZ jkstxkj dh fLFkfr
mRiUu djs o mls cuk;s j[ks vkSj ;g tgk¡ rd Hkh lEHko gks] vFkZO;oLFkk dks csjkstxkjh osQ vfHk'kki ls eqDr
djk;sA dhUl dk jkstxkj dk lkekU; fl¼kUr (general theory of employment) csjkstxkjh osQ dkj.kksa dh
O;k[;k djrk gS vkSj crkrk gS fd iw.kZ jkstxkj dh fLFkfr oSQls izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA ;gk¡ gesa jkstxkj osQ
fl¼kUrksa dh vf/d xgjkbZ esa tkus dh vko';drk ugha gS] vfirq osQoy ;g ns[kuk gS fd jkstxkj dh ek=kk dk
fu/kZj.k djus rFkk iw.kZ jkstxkj dh fLFkfr ykus esa ljdkjh [kpZ D;k ;ksxnku dj ldrk gSA

18-5-1 vkfFkZd vfLFkjrk oSQls mRiUu gksrh gS\
(How does Economic Instability Occur?)

;gk¡ dhUl osQ jkstxkj fl¼kUr dk laf{kIr ifjp; izkIr djuk blfy, vko';d gS rkfd ;g tkuk tk losQ fd
ns'k esa vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa dk lkekU; Lrj fdl izdkj LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gS_ vU; 'kCnksa esa] ;g tkuk losQ
fd vkfFkZd vfLFkjrk oSQls mRiUu gksrh gS vFkok csjkstxkjh dk tUe oSQls gksrk gS\
dhUl dk jkstxkj fl¼kUr bl lh/s ls roZQ ij vk/kfjr gS fd tks ,d vkneh dk [kpZ gksrk gS] og nwljs vkneh
dh vk; gksrh gSA dksbZ Hkh [kpZ ;k rks miHkksx dh oLrqvksa dh [kjhn ij fd;k tkrk gS vFkok ,slh oLrqvksa o
lsokvksa dh [kjhn ij tks vkSj /u osQ mRiknu esa yxkbZ tkrh gSa] tSls fd iSQDVjh osQ yksd O;; osQ izHkko osQ
fy, Jfedksa dks tqVkuk] bLikr] lhesaV ;k 'kfDr dk mRiknu rFkk ugjksa o ukyksa vkfn dk fuekZ.kA
mi;ksx dh oLrqvksa vFkok fuos'k dh oLrqvksa dk mRiknu djosQ O;fDr tks vk; dekrk gS] og ;k rks lkjh vk;
miHkksx ij [kpZ dj ldrk gS vFkok mldk oqqQN Hkkx og cpk ldrk gS ftldk vFkZ ;gh gS fd og Hkkx mlus
[kpZ ugha fd;kA ;fn og viuh lEiw.kZ vk; [kpZ dj nsrk gS rks mlls vU; fdlh O;fDr dh mruh gh vk;

c<+rh gS_ vkSj ;fn izR;sd O;fDr gh viuh lEiw.kZ vk; dks [kpZ dj nsrk gS rks ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd vkenfu;ksa
vkSj [kpks± dk pØ fLFkj gS vFkkZr~ mlesaa mrkj&p<+ko ugha gSA bls gh ge iw.kZ jkstxkj dh ;k fLFkj dherksa dh
vFkok vkfFkZd fLFkjrk dh fLFkfr dgrs gSaA
ijUrq O;fDr }kjk izkIr dh tkus okyh vk; dk ,d Hkkx ;fn [kpZ ugha fd;k tkrk gS vkSj [kpZ dh ;g deh
fuos'k O;; (investment expenditure) }kjk Hkh iwjh ugha dh tkrh gS] rks ,d O;fDr dk ;g ?kVk gqvk
[kpZ vU; O;fDr;ksa dh vk; dks de dj nsxkA de vk; gksus ls os yksx Hkh de [kpZ djsaxs ftlosQ iQyLo:i
vkSj vU; yksxksa dh vk; Hkh de gks tk;sxhA blls vkenfu;ksa o [kpks± osQ ?ksjs (circles) dh ifjf/
(circumference) de gks tk;sxh ftlosQ dkj.k csjkstxkjh mRiUu gksxhA
dhUl osQ vuqlkj cprsa lnk gh fuos'k dks cjkcj djus dh izo`fÙk j[krh gSaA
Y = oqQy vk; = C + I

;gk¡ C miHkksX; oLrqvksa ls gksus okyh vk; dk izrhd gS] I fuos'k dh oLrqvksa ls gksus okyh vk; dk izrhd gSA
vk; dks ;k rks miHkksx esa [kpZ fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkok mls cpk;k tk ldrk gSA vr%
Y = C + S

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