Page 228 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV

VkLd vuqikrh O;; dks Li"V djsaA

18-3 izxfr'khy vFkok vkjksgh O;; osQ :i
(Forms of Progressive Expenditure)

vkjksgh O;; osQ vusd :i gSa] ftuesa ls oqQN uhps fn;s tkrs gSaµ
(1) udn vuqnku (Cash Grants)µudn vuqnku /u dh og vnk;xh gS tks fd ljdkj }kjk izkIrdÙkkZ
dks udn :i esa nh tkrh gSA o`¼koLFkk isU'ku rFkk chekjh] csjkstxkjh rFkk nq?kZVuk osQ le; feyus okys ykHk
udn vuqnkuksa osQ egÙoiw.kZ mnkgj.k gSaA ;s lHkh vuqnku pw¡fd fuEu vk; okys oxks± osQ i{k esa vk; dk iqufoZrj.k
djrs gSa] vr% ;s vkjksgh izo`Qfr osQ gSaA izkIrdrkZvksa dks ;s Hkqxrku ;k ykHk ml fLFkfr esa izkIr gksrs gSa tcfd
mUgsa mldh Hkkjh vko';drk gksrh gSA ,slk ljdkjh O;; fu%lUnsg vk; dh vlekurkvksa dks de djrk gS vkSj
yksxksa osQ vkfFkZd o lekftd dY;k.k esa o`f¼ djrk gSA bu y{;ksa dh iwfrZ ml fLFkfr esa vkSj Hkh vf/d gksrh
gS tcfd ,sls vuqnku O;fDr osQ ifjokj osQ vkdkj rFkk thou dh fofHkUu vof/;ksa esa mldh vko';drk osQ
vuqlkj fn;s tkrs gSaA lalkj osQ vf/dka'k ns'kksa esa vusd lkekftd lqj{kk dh dk;Zokfg;ksaµtSls dh o`¼koLFkk
isU'ku] chekjh osQ ykHk (sickness benefits), csjkstxkjh osQ ykHk] m|ksxtfur {kfr osQ ykHk (industrial
injury benefits), ekr`Rodkyhu ykHk (maternity benefits), fo/ok isU'ku (widows pension), cPpksa
dk HkÙkk (children’s allowance) rFkk fu%'kqYd LokLF; lsok vkfn dh O;oLFkk&osQ fy, tks fo/ku ;k
dkuwu cuk;s tkrs gSa mudk y{; Hkh ;gh jgrk gSA ;fn ¶ykHk izkIr djus dh ;ksX;rk osQ vuqlkj ljdkjh [kpZ
1
vkSj vnk djus dh ;ksX;rk osQ vuqlkj djk/ku¸ osQ fl¼kUr dks ykxw fd;k tk;s] rks vf/dre lkekftd
dY;k.k (maximum social welfare) osQ y{; dks izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(2) fu%'kqYd vFkok lLrh oLrq;sa rFkk lsok;sa (Free or Cheap Goods and Services)µtks oLrq;sa
vFkok lsok;sa ljdkj }kjk fu%'kqYd vFkok lLrh dherksa ij nh tkrh gSa] mlls /uh oxZ osQ eqdkcys lekt osQ
fu/Zu oxks± dks vf/d ykHk igq¡prk gSA bu ykHkksa osQ dkj.k pw¡fd fu/Zu oxZ osQ yksxksa dh okLrfod vk; (real
income) c<+ tkrh gS vr% mlls vk; dh vlekurk,¡ oqQN de gksrh gSaA fu%'kqYd izkbejh f'k{kk] mPp f'k{kk
osQ fy, vkfFkZd n`f"V ls fiNM+s oxks± osQ fy, iQhl ekiQh rFkk fu/Zu oxZ osQ LowQy tkus okys cPpksa osQ fy,
eqÝr nw/ ;k Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk vkfn ij fd;k tkus okyk ljdkjh [kpZ vkjksgh izo`Qfr dk gksrk gSA vkSj ;g
/uh oxZ osQ eqdkcys lekt osQ fu/Zu oxks± dh okLrfod vk; esa vkfFkZd o lkekftd dY;k.k esa vf/d o`f¼
djrk gSA blh izdkj] lLrs vukt dh O;oLFkk ij fd;k tkus okyk ljdkjh [kpZ Hkh vkjksgh (progres-
sive) gksrk gS c'krsZ fd /uh oxZ dh rqyuk ls fu/Zu oxZ osQ yksx vius O;; dk ,d cM+k vuqikr bldh
2
[kjhnkjh ij yxk;saA lekt osQ lHkh lnL;ksa osQ fy, fu%'kqYd LokLF; lsok dh O;oLFkk vkjksgh O;; dk vU;
mnkgj.k gS tks fd vk; dh vlekurkvksa dks de djrk gS] ¶Bhd oSls gh tSls fd fu%'kqYd LokLF; lsok dh
3
vlekurk osQ {ks=k dks NksVk djrh gSA¸ ijUrq ;g dgk tkrk gS fd ¶de vleku lekt osQ y{; rd igq¡pus
4
dh ;g osQoy ,d lM+d gSA¸ bl izdkj MkYVu us mu vf/dka'k vk/qfud vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ er dk leFkZu
fd;k gS tks- izks- VkWuh (Towney) osQ fopkjksa osQ eqdkcys vf/d vkjksgh O;; esa fo'okl djrs gSaA

1. Ibid., Page 167.
2. Ibid., page 165.
3. Prof. Towney’s—Quoted by Dalton, page 166.
4. Dalton, Public Finance, page 166.

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
222 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY