Page 224 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV (4) lkoZtfud ;k tu&LokLF;A (5) lkekftd lqj{kk dh ;kstukvksa esa lgk;rk osQ fy, fd;k x;k ljdkjh
[kpZA ;s [kpZ pw¡fd oqQN lhek rd dk;Z&{kerk esa o`f¼ djrs gSa] vr% mRiknu&o`f¼ esa lgk;d gksrs gSaA MkYVu
dk ;g Hkh er Fkk fd bu enksa osQ :i esa fd;k x;k ljdkjh [kpZ lkekftd n`f"V ls okaNuh; gksrk gS D;ksafd
izkbosV gkFkksa esa NksM+s tkus osQ eqdkcys ;g /u mRiknu 'kfDr esa vf/d o`f¼ djrk gSA
oqQN yksx ,sls Hkh gSa tks ;g dgrs gSa fd lkoZtfud [kpks± esa dVkSrh dh tkuh pkfg,] tcfd oqQN vU; yksxksa
dk er gS fd bu [kpks± dk {ks=k rFkk ek=kk c<+kbZ tkuh pkfg,A oqQN Hkh gks] mfpr ;g gS fd lkoZtfud O;;
esa bl izdkj esa mlh osQ vuq:i fd;s tkus okys ifjorZu osQ izHkkoksa osQ chp lUrqyu LFkkfir fd;k tk,A

D;k vki tkurs gSa lM+dksa] jsyksa o ¯lpkbZ ifj;kstukvksa vkfn osQ fuekZ.k ij fd;k tkus okyk ljdkjh O;; ns'k
osQ vk£Fkd fodkl esa lgk;d gksrk gSA

vU; 'kCnksa esa] izR;sd en ij fd;k tkus okyk O;; ml fcUnq (point) rd c<+k;k tkuk pkfg, tgk¡ fd izR;sd
en ls izkIr gksus okyk lhekUr lkekftd ykHk (marginal social benefit) ml lhekUr lkekftd ykxr
(marginal social cost) osQ cjkcj gks tks fd ljdkjh {ks=k dh vksj dks lk/uksa dk LFkkukUrj.k gksus osQ dkj.k
futh {ks=k esa vkfFkZd ;k lkekftd dY;k.k vFkok mRiknu esa deh ls mRiUu gqbZ gSA fdUrq vf/dka'k vk/qfud
jktdks"kh; fo}kuksa dk er gS fd bu fn'kkvksa esa c<+k;k tkus okyk ljdkjh [kpZ orZeku rFkk Hkkoh ykHkksa dh n`f"V
ls vR;Ur mfpr gSA tSlk fd MkYVu us dgk gS fd ¶,slh vusd fn'kkvksa esa fd;k tkus okyk vf/dkf/d
ljdkjh [kpZ blfy, okaNuh; gS rkfd fofHkUu mi;ksxksa osQ chp leqnk; osQ lk/uksa dk ,slk forj.k
fd;k tk losQ forj.k fd;k tk losQ ftlosQ loksZÙke ifj.kke gksa vkSj tks fcuk fdlh i{kikr osQ orZeku
1
o Hkfo"; osQ chp lUrqyu j[k losQA¸ vr% ;g fu"d"kZ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd lk/uksa dk vUrj.k
mRiknu c<+kus esa rFkk mlosQ iQyLo:i ns'k osQ vkfFkZd o lkekftd dY;k.k dks c<+kus esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku
djrk gS vkSj bl izdkj c<+k gqvk ljdkjh [kpZ vkfFkZd izxfr rFkk lkekftd dY;k.k dh n`f"V ls cgqr egÙoiw.kZ
gksrk gSA

(c) vkfFkZd fLFkjrk ,oa lk/uksa dk LFkkukUrj.kµvkfFkZd fLFkjrk (economic stability) vFkkZr~ iw.kZ
jkstxkj rFkk ewY;ksa osQ LFkkf;Ro dks cuk;s j[kus osQ fy, Hkh vk£Fkd lk/uksa osQ LFkkukUrj.k (diversion)
dks egÙoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gSA fdlh Hkh fuf'pr vof/ esa] ;g gks ldrk gSA fd u;s fuos'k ;k fofu;ksx dh
ek=kk ubZ cprksa dh ek=kk ls esy u [kk;s vFkkZr~ fuos'k (investment) Lo;eso cprksa (savings) osQ cjkcj
u gksA bl vuq:irk dk vHkko (lack of coincidence) gh ewY;&Lrj dh vfLFkjrk] eqnzkLiQhfr (inflation),

eqnzk voLiQhfr (deflation) rFkk csjkstxkjh dk ,d dkj.k gSA bl vuq:irk dks ykus osQ fy, vkFkZr~ cpr rFkk
fuos'k osQ chp leku lUrqyu vkus o cuk;s j[kus osQ fy, izk;% ljdkjh gLr{ksi dh vko';drk gksrh gSA tc
cprksa dh ek=kk fuos'k ls vf/d gksrh gS rks vFkZO;oLFkk esa lqLrh mRiUu gks tkrh gS tks vUrr% eUnh dks tUe
nsrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g vko';d gS fd ljdkjh [kpZ ljdkjh jktLo ls vf/d gks vkSj ljdkjh ?kkVs dh
ctV uhfr viuk;sA
eUnh osQ le; esa ljdkj osQ vfrfjDr O;; dh foÙkh; O;oLFkk cSadksa ls m/kj ysdj dh tkuh pkfg, vkSj bl
O;; dk #[k lkoZtfud fuekZ.k osQ dk;ZØeksa dh vksj dks eksM+ nsuk pkfg,A lkoZtfud fuekZ.k dk;ks± ij fd;s
tkus okys O;; ls yksxksas osQ gkFkksa esa nzO;&vk; dh ek=kk c<+ tkrh gS vkSj mlls oqQy leFkZ ;k izHkkoh ek¡x
(aggregate effective demand) Hkh c<+ tkrh gSA bl c<+h ek¡x dks iwjk djus osQ fy, xSj&ljdkjh {ks=k esa
fuos'k dh ek=kk Hkh c<+rh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] iw.kZ jkstxkj dh n'kk,¡ mRiUu gks tkrh gSaA vU; 'kCnksa esa] ljdkjh
O;; dh enn ls fuos'k cprksa osQ cjkcj gks tkrs gSaA
blosQ foijhr] tc fuos'k cprksa ls vf/d gks tkrs gSa rks eqnzkLiQhfr dh fLFkfr mRiUu gks tkrh gSA bl
fLFkfr esa ;g vko';d gS fd ljdkjh O;; ljdkjh vk; osQ Lrj ls uhpk jgs] vFkkZr ljdkjh cs'kh; ctV dh
1. Dalton Public Finance, Page 158.

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