Page 222 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV 2- dke djus] cpr djus rFkk fuos'k djus dh bPNk ij izHkko
(Effects on Willingness to Work, Save and Invest)
vk/qfud vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ vuqlkj O;; nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaµHkfo"; lEcU/h O;; rFkk orZeku lEcU/h O;;A

(i) Hkfo"; lEcU/h O;;µtgk¡ rd dke djus] cpr djus rFkk fuos'k djus dh bPNk dk lEcU/ gS] ;g dkiQh
lhek rd ljdkjh O;; dh izÑfr rFkk ljdkj dh uhfr ij fuHkZj gksrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] o`¼koLFkk isa'ku]
Hkfo"; fuf/ osQ ykHk (provident fund benefits) rFkk chekjh o csjkstxkjh osQ fo#¼ jktdh; O;; ij ches
vkfn dh lqfo/k,¡ O;fDr dks lqj{kk rFkk fuf'prrk iznku djrh gSa_ vr% ;s mldh dke djus o cpr djus
dh bPNk ?kVkrh gSaA Li"V gS fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr dfBu Je D;ksa djsxk rFkk vf/d D;ksa cpk;sxk tcfd mls
ekywe gS fd dekus osQ fy, vleFkZ gks tkus dh fLFkfr esa ljdkj gh mldh ns[kHkky djsxhA vU; 'kCnksa esa]
og ns[krk gS fd ljdkj us mldk Hkfo"; lqjf{kr cuk fn;k gS] vr% og D;ksa vf/d esgur djsA vr% ;g
vko';d gS fd ljdkjh [kpZ dk bl izdkj fu;eu fd;k tk, fd yksxksa dh dke djus dh iszj.kk ij mldk
dksbZ izfrowQy izHkko u iM+s A
(ii) orZeku lEcU/h O;;µblh izdkj] ml le; Hkh O;fDr dke djuk rFkk cpr djuk ilUn ugha djsxk] ;fn
og le>rk gS fd mldh orZeku cprksa (savings) rFkk fuos'k (investment) ls Hkfo"; esa mls dksbZ vk;
izkIr ugha gksxhA vU; 'kCnksa esa] ;fn og vius Hkfo"; dks vlqjf{kr le>rk gS rks mldh cpr djus o fuos'k
djus dh bPNk de gks tk;sxhA fdUrq ;fn dk;Z o cprksa esa o`f¼ gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk gh ljdkj }kjk iznku fd;s
tkus okys ykHk c<+k;s tkrs gSa rks vo'; dke djus o cpr djus dh bPNk esa o`f¼ gksxh] vU;Fkk blls mYVk
gh gksxkA dke djus rFkk cpr djus dh bPNk esa rc Hkh o`f¼ gks ldrh gS] ;fn yksxksa dks bl ckr dk iw.kZ
fo'okl gks fd mudh orZeku cprsa rFkk fuos'k lqjf{kr gSa vkSj ;g fd muls mUgsa vPNs ykHkka'kksa dh izkfIr gksxhA
;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd lkekftd lqj{kk dh dk;Zokfg;k¡ (social security measures) O;fDr dks dke
djus] cpr djus rFkk fuos'k djus dh bPNk dks de dj nsrh gSaA ijUrq O;kogkfjd :i esa] budk dksbZ ,slk
izfrowQy izHkko ugha iM+rk gSaA baXyS.M vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dk mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gSA ogk¡ ljdkj }kjk
lkekftd ;k dkfeZd lqj{kk dh lqfo/k,¡ iznku dh xb± ftuls cprsa grksRlkfgr gksus dh ctk, cprksa dks c<+kus
esa gh enn feyh gSA ;s dk;Zokfg;k¡ lkekftd n`f"V ls okaNuh; ekuh tkrh gSa vkSj buosQ lEcU/ esa lgh n`f"Vdks.k
;gh gS fd lkekftd ;k dkfeZd dh lqfo/k,¡ ml lhek rd iznku dh tkuh pkfg, tgk¡ rd fd og cprksa
rFkk fuos'kksa dks grksRlkfgr u djsaA vr% ljdkjh [kpZ bl izdkj fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd ljdkj vf/d ek=kk esa
lkekftd lqj{kk dh lqfo/k,¡ iznku dj losaQ fdUrq cpr rFkk fuos'k osQ O;; ij mldk dksbZ izR;{k ;k izfrowQy
izHkko u iM+sA ljdkjh O;; }kjk ,sls volj Hkh eqgS;k djk;s tkus pkfg, fd ftuosQ vUrxZr dh xbZ cprksa rFkk
fuos'kksa dks leqfpr :i ls iqjLo`Qr fd;k tk, rFkk muls vlekurkvksa esa dksbZ o`f¼ u gksA
3- vkfFkZd lk/uksa osQ vUrj.k ij izHkko
(Effects on Diversion of Economic Resources)
lkoZtfud O;; ls vkfFkZd lalk/uksa osQ mfpr mi;ksx ij Hkh izHkko iM+rk gSA ;g izHkko fuEu izdkj ls n'kkZ;k
tk ldrk gSµ
(v) vizR;{k rFkk ijks{k LFkkukUrj.kµljdkjh O;; vkfFkZd lk/uksa dks futh mi;ksx ls ljdkjh mi;ksx dh
vksj dks LFkkukUrj.k dj nsrk gS vkSj ,slk og dbZ izdkj ls djrk gS mnkgj.kkFkZ] izfrj{kk] iqfyl rFkk ukxfjd
iz'kklu vkfn ij fd;k x;k ljdkjh O;;] lk/uksa osQ #[k dks xSj&ljdkjh {ks=k (private sector) ls ljdkjh
{ks=k (public sector) dh vksj eksM+ nsrk gSA dHkh&dHkh ,sls O;; dks vkfFkZd viO;; (economic waste)
dgk tkrk gSA tSlk fd MkYVu us dgk gS fd ¶izR;sd izfrj{kk dk;ZØe vk£Fkd lk/uksa dks vU; ,sls mi;ksxksa
ls gVkrk gS] ftlesa fd ;fn os lk/u yxs jgrs rks vkfFkZd dY;k.k ls vf/d izR;{k ;ksxnku dj ldrs FksA¸ 1

1. Dalton Public Finance, Page 153.

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