Page 225 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—18% yksd O;; osQ izHkko

uksV
uhfr viuk;sA ;fn tksf[ke iw¡th (risk capital) dh deh fn[kkbZ ns] rks ljdkj dks pkfg, fd ;g ctV dh
cs'kh dk /u yksd fudk;ksa (public bodies) dks vFkok oqQN pqus gq, futh m|eksa dks m/kj ns nsA ;g Hkh gks
ldrk gS fd bu dtks± osQ cnys esa ljdkj bu m|eksa esa va'k/kjh (share-holder) cu tk,A ijUrq ;gk¡ ;g
ckr è;ku j[kus ;ksX; gS fd ;g n`f"Vdks.k fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh vis{kk fodflr ns'kksa osaQ fy, vf/d lgh gSA
bl izdkj fu"d"kZ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ljdkjh O;; esa bl izdkj fofHkUurk j[kh tkuh pkfg, ftlls
fd vkfFkZd fLFkjrk vFkkZr~ iw.kZ jkstxkj rFkk ewY;&fLFkjrk cuh jgsA
(l) fofHkUu {ks=kksa osQ chp lk/uksa dk LFkkukUrj.k dHkh&dHkh ljdkjh [kpZ osQ }kjk vkfFkZd lk/uksa dk
fofHkUu {ks=kksa osQ chp Hkh LFkkukUrj.k fd;k tkrk gSA blesa mRiknu&'kfDr c<+rh gS vkSj izk;% izknsf'kd
;k {ks=kh; vlekurkvksa esa Hkh deh vkrh gSA ljdkj fiNM+s {ks=kksa osQ fy, fo'ks"k O;; dj ldrh gS rkfd
lEiw.kZ ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl esa lUrqyu cuk;s j[kk tk losQA fiNM+s {ks=kksa dk vkS|ksfxd fodkl rhoz xfr ls
djus osQ fy, ljdkj ,sls {ks=kksa esa LFkkfir fd;s x;s m|ksxksa dks fo'ks"k Í.k] miknku (subsidies) rFkk vU;
lqfo/k,¡ ns ldrh gSA fofHkUu {ks=kksa osQ chp lk/uksa esa bl izdkj dk foHksnhdj.k (diversification) vkerkSj
ij lgk;d vuqnkuksa osQ ekè;e ls la?kh; jkT; esa ykxw fd;k tkrk gSA lgk;d vuqnku (grants-in-aid) osQUnz
ljdkj }kjk jkT; dks vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk LFkkuh; ljdkjksa dks blfy, fn;s tkrs gSa rkfd vk£Fkd lk/u
fodflr {ks=kksa ls de fodflr {ks=kksa dh vksj dks LFkkukUrfjr gks tk;saA blls fiNM+s {ks=kksa dh mRiknu 'kfDr c<+rh
gS vkSj {ks=kh; vlekurk,¡ nwj gksrh gSaA

MkYVu us ;g Bhd gh dgk gS fd futh mi;ksx ls ljdkjh mi;ksx dh vksj rFkk fofHkUu {ks=kksa osQ chp
vkfFkZd lk/uksa osQ LFkkukUrj.k esa ljdkjh [kpZ dk ;ksxnku osQoy rHkh egÙoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gS tcfd
yksd&lÙkkvksa (Public authorities) dh vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa dk {ks=k NksVk gksA vU; 'kCnksa esa iw¡thoknh
vFkZO;oLFkk esa gh bl ;ksxnku dk vf/d egÙo gksrk gSA ;g {ks=k (range) T;ksa&T;ksa cM+k gksrk tkrk gSa]
R;ksa&R;ksa ljdkjh [kpZ dk egÙo de gksrk tkrk gS vkSj ,slk lektoknh vFkZO;oLFkk (socialistic
economy) esa gksrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] lksfo;r la?k esa] tgk¡ mRiknu osQ lk/uksa ij jkT; dk gh LokfeRo
rFkk fu;U=k.k gS] yksd foÙk (Public Finance) lEiw.kZ ljdkjh vFkZO;oLFkk esa gh foyhu jgrk gSA ;gk¡ jkT;
gh lEiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk ij fu;U=k.k j[krk gSA ,slh vFkZO;oLFkk esa] futh mi;ksx ls ljdkjh mi;ksx dh vksj dks
lk/uksa osQ LFkkukUrj.k dk iz'u gh ugha mBrk gSA ogk¡ rks lEiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk dk funsZ'ku osQUnzh; fu;kstu
izfèkdj.k (Central Planning Authority) }kjk oqQN fo'ks"k :i ls pqus gq, y{;ksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
Hkkjr tSlh fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk (mixed economy) osQ vUrxZr] tgk¡ fd ljdkjh vkSj xSj&ljdkjh
nksuksa gh {ks=k egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku djrs gSa] lk/uksa osQ LFkkukUrj.k rFkk dke djus] cpr djus o fuos'k
dh ;ksX;rk o bPNk ij ljdkjh [kpZ osQ izHkko dk lEiw.kZ ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl dh n`f"V ls Hkkj
egÙo gSA
bl izdkj Li"V gS fd yksd O;; }kjk vkfFkZd lk/uksa dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij vFkok ,d mi;ksx ls
nwljs mi;ksx esa LFkkukUrfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkfFkZd lk/uksa dks fdlh fo'ks"k O;olk; esa LFkkukUrfjr djus
ij mRiknu esa o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gSA ;g LFkkukUrj.k vuqnku nsdj futh m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk djosQ fd;k tk
ldrk gSA futh m|ksx osQ mRiknu ls mRifÙk osQ fofHkUu lk/u futh m|ksx dh vksj gh ¯[kp tk;saxs] ftlls
mRiknu fujUrj c<+rk pyk tk;sxkA fofHkUu lk/uksa dk ;g mi;ksx euq";ksa dh orZeku vFkok Hkfo"; dh
vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus okyk gksrk gSA
ljdkjh O;; }kjk vkfFkZd lk/uksa dk LFkkukUrj.k fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij Hkh gks ldrk gS rFkk mRiknu esa o`f¼ dh
tk ldrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZµ;fn osQUnz ljdkj LFkkuh; ljdkjksa dks vuqnku nsrh gS] rks LFkkuh; ljdkjksa }kjk ml

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LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY