Page 220 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV osQoy rHkh gks ldrk gS tcfd ge ljdkjh O;; osQ laxzg ij gh viuk è;ku osQfUnzr djus dh vis{kk lEiw.kZ
:i esa ljdkjh O;; dh ,d mi;qDr ,oa Bksl uhfr viuk,¡A
ijEijkxr vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa (Traditional Economists)µdk ;g fopkj Fkk fd jkT; dks vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa esaa
de ls de gLr{ksi djuk pfg, vkSj ;g fd ljdkj rks turk dh ,tsUV ek=k gS ftldk dk;Z osQoy jktuSfrd
laxBu dks lgh&lyker cuk;s j[kuk gSA blfy, ,Me fLeFk us jkT; dh U;wure fØ;kvksa dk leFkZu fd;k vkSj
jkT; dh fØ;kvksa dks osQoy U;k;] iqfyl rFkk lsuk rd gh lhfer j[kus dh odkyr dhA ,Me fLeFk dk fopkj
Fkk fd ljdkjh O;; rks lkekU;r% ,d viO;; (waste) gh gSA ljdkjh O;; osQoy turk osQ ikl ls ljdkj
dh vksj dks LFkkukUrfjr fd;k gqvk /u gksrk gS vkSj ;g /u ;fn ljdkj dh vis{kk turk }kjk gh [kpZ fd;k
tk, rks vf/d mi;ksfxrk ;k rqf"Vxq.k iznku dj ldrk gSA vr% ,Me fLeFk dk fopkj Fkk fd ljdkj osQ fy,
;gh vPNk gS fd viuh vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa dks ;FkklEHko lhfer j[ksA
blosQ foifjr] vk/qfud vFkZ'kkfL=kvksa us ljdkjh O;; dh ubZ /kj.kk dk izfriknu fd;k gSA vktdy rks
ljdkjh [kpZ esa gj izdkj ls o`f¼ djus osQ oSxuj osQ fu;e dks lkoZykSfdd :i ls lgh rFkk lR; ekuk tkrk
gSA orZeku le; esa ljdkjh [kpZ esa o`f¼ dk #[k osQoy fdlh fo'ks"k ns'k esa gh ik;k tkrk gks] ,slh ckr ugha
gS] cfYd ;g rks lalkj osQ yxHkx lHkh ns'kksa esa ik;k tkrk gS] Hkys gh ogk¡ dh lkekftd o vkfFkZd jpuk
jktuSfrd <k¡pk oSQlk gh D;ksa u gksA ,d fodkl'khy ns'k esa rks ljdkjh O;; dh dksbZ Li"V lhek fu/kZfjr dj
lduk lEHko ugha gSA vktdy ,sls izR;sd ljdkjh [kpZ dks ok¡Nuh; ekuk tkrk gS tks viO;;h (wasteful)

u gks] vfirq mRiknu rFkk forj.k ij Bksl izHkko Mkyrk gks] vkSj bl izdkj] lEiw.kZ :i esa] ns'k osQ vkfFkZd o
lkekftd dY;k.k dks vf/dre djrk gksA

18-1 yksd O;; dk egÙo (Significance of Public Expenditure)

tgk¡ rd ljdkjh O;; dh egÙkk dk iz'u gS og rks blh rF; ls izdV gksrk gS fd ljdkj turk osQ fy, mu
lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk djrh gS] ftudh O;oLFkk futh O;fDr;ksa }kjk ;k rks dh tkuh lEHko gh ugha gksrh vFkok
;fn dh Hkh tkrh gS] rks mruh ;Fks"B ek=kk esa rFkk mruk O;; djosQ ugha dh tkrh] ftruk fd ljdkj dj ldrh
gSA ljdkjh O;; dh egÙkk bl rF; ls Hkh izdV gksrh gS fd ljdkj leLr ns'k osQ mi;ksx ,oa ykHk osQ fy,
izfrj{kk lsokvksa rFkk iz'kklu o fodkl lEcU/h fØ;kvksa dks lEiUu djrh gS vkSj budks lEiUu djus osQ fy,
mls izkbosV O;fDr;ksa vFkok iQeks± ls oLrq,¡ rFkk lsok,¡ [kjhnuh iM+rh gSa ftlls izkbosV O;fDr;ksa dh vk; c<+rh
gSA bu lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk djus osQ fy, ;fn ljdkj mu lk/uksa (resources) dk iz;ksx djrh gS tks vU;
fLFkfr esa csdkj iM+s jgrs gSa] rks blls jk"Vªh; vk; rFkk jkstxkj esa o`f¼ gh rks gksrh gSA ljdkj dk oqQN [kpZ
,slk Hkh gksrk gS tks fd LFkkukUrj.kh; izo`Qfr dk gksrk gSA vr% ,slk [kpZ lekt osQ ,d oxZ ls nwljs oxZ dh
vksj dks Ø;'kfDr (purchasing power) dk LFkkukUrj.k dj nsrk gSA ;fn vk; ;k Ø;'kfDr dk ;g
LFkkukUrj.k fu/Zu O;fDr;ksa dh vksj dks vFkok ,sls O;fDrvksa dh vksj dks gksrk gS ftudk miHkksx osQ izfr #>ku
vf/d gksrk gS] c'krsZ fd vU; ckrsa iwoZor~ jgs] rks mlls jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f¼ gksus yxrh gS vkSj LFkkukUrj.k
u gksus ij ifj.kke blosQ foijhr jgrk gSA vr% bl ckr dk vè;;u rFkk fo'ys"k.k djuk cM+k egÙoiw.kZ gS fd
ns'k esa jkstxkj osQ Lrj ij] mRiknu ij rFkk vk; osQ forj.k ij ljdkjh O;; osQ D;k&D;k izHkko iM+rs gSaA

18-1-1 izR;{k rFkk ijks{k izHkko (Direct and Indirect Effects)

ljdkjh O;; ns'k osQ mRiknu dks nks izdkj ls izHkkfor dj ldrk gS_ ,d rks izR;{k :i ls vkSj nwljs ijks{k :i
lsA ljdkjh {ks=k (public sector) osQ m|ksx mRiknu vFkok jk"Vªh; vk; esa izR;{k :i ls va'knku djrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa jsyos rFkk ¯lpkbZ vkfn ij fd;k tkus okyk O;; izR;{k :i ls mRiknd (productive) gSA
lkekU; iz'kklu] Mkd o rkj rFkk lM+dksa vkfn ij fd;k tkus okyk O;; ijks{k :i esa mRiknd gksrk gSA
yksdrU=kh; ns'kksa esa] vf/dka'k ljdkjh O;; mRiknu esa ijks{k :i ls lgk;d gksrk gSA vc ge mRiknu ij
ljdkjh O;; osQ iM+us okys fofHkUu izdkj osQ izHkkoksa dk vè;;u djsaxsµ

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
214 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY