Page 223 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—18% yksd O;; osQ izHkko

uksV
ijUrq ;g Hkh eku ysuk lgh ugha gS fd xSj&ljdkjh mi;ksx ls ljdkjh mi;ksx dh vksj dks fd;k tkus okyk
lk/uksa dk ;g vUrj.k yksxksa }kjk fd;s tkus okys oLrqvksa osQ miHkksx dks de dj nsrk gS vkSj mlosQ iQyLo:i
yksxksa osQ vkfFkZd dY;k.k esa deh gks tkrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] izfrj{kk ij fd;k tkus okyk ljdkjh O;;
blfy, vuqRiknd ugha gksrk gS D;ksafd fdlh Hkh jk"Vª esa vkUrfjd 'kkfUr mldh cká lqj{kk dh n`f"V
ls og vR;Ur vko';d rFkk egÙoiw.kZ gksrk vkSj blosQ fcuk ml ns'k osQ vkfFkZd dY;k.k esa Hkh o`f¼
ugha dh tk ldrhA vr% izfrj{kk] iqfyl rFkk U;k; vkfn dh O;oLFkk ij fd;k tkus okyk ljdkjh [kpZ blfy,
vko';d gksrk gS D;ksafd blosQ }kjk ,d ,sls okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS ftlesa fd ns'k osQ pkyw ,oa
fodkl'khy lk/uksa dk Js"Bre ,oa vuqowQyre mi;ksx djuk lEHko gks tkrk gSA ijUrq ;gk¡ ;g ckr Hkh n`f"Vxr
j[kh tkuh pkfg, fd bu lsokvksa ij cgqr ek=kk esa fd;k tkus okyk ljdkjh [kpZ] ;fn vU; ckrsa leku jgsa rks]
mRiknu ij izfrowQy izHkko Hkh Mky ldrk gSA vr% mfpr ;gh gS fd ,slk ljdkjh O;; u rks cgqr vf/d gh
gksuk pkfg, vkSj u cgqr de] cfYd bruk i;kZIr gksuk pkfg, fd ftlls ns'k esa vkUrfjd 'kkfUr o cká lqj{kk
dh fLFkfr cuh jgsA

oqQN vk/kjHkwr lsokvksa] tSls fd lM+dksa] jsyksa o ¯lpkbZ ifj;kstukvksa vkfn osQ fuekZ.k ij fd;k tkus
okyk ljdkjh O;; ns'k dk vkfFkZd fodkl djus esa cM+k lgk;d gksrk gSA vr% ,d fodkl'khy ns'k osQ
fy, ;g vR;Ur vko';d gS fd ,slh vk/kjHkwr lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk osQ fy, ;g lk/uksa dks xSj&ljdkjh {ks=k
ls ljdkjh {ks=k dh vksj dks LFkkukUrfjr dj fn;k tk,A bl izdkj dk ljdkjh [kpZ fofHkUu oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa
osQ cktkjksa osQ vkdkj essa o`f¼ djosQ futh fuos'kdÙkkZvksa dks fofHkUu vkfFkZd dk;ks± esa /u yxkus dh izsj.kk nsrk
gSA okLrfodrk ;g gS fd fdlh ns'k esa bu vk/kjHkwr vkfFkZd lsokvksa dh fo|ekurk rFkk ek=kk gh bl ckr dks
izdV djrh gS fd ml ns'k esa vkfFkZd fodkl dh fdruh lEHkkouk,¡ ekStwn gSaA
ljdkj }kjk u;s rFkk pkyw m|ksx&/U/ksa dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk osQ rkSj ij vf/nku (bounties) rFkk
miknku (subsidies) fn;s tkrs gS vkSj bl izdkj fd;k x;k ;g ljdkjh [kpZ yksxksa osQ lk/uksa dks
u;s&u;s m|ksxksa dks [kksyus esa yxkus osQ fy, rFkk pkyw m|ksxksa dk mRiknu c<+kus osQ fy, lgk;d gksrk
gSA bl izdkj] f'k{kk] izf'k{k.k (training), tu&LokLF;] lkekftd lqj{kk dh ;kstuk,¡ rFkk o`¼koLFkk isa'ku
vkfn lkekftd egÙo dh enksa ij fd;k x;k ljdkjh O;; ekuoh; iw¡th (human capital) dh {kerk ,oa
oqQ'kyrk esa rFkk lkekftd dY;k.k (social welfare) esa o`f¼ djrk gS vkSj bl izdkj ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl
esa viuk ;ksxnku djrk gSA fodflr ns'kksa dh vis{kk fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ,slk vkSj Hkh vf/d rsth ls gksrk gSA
vr% bu egÙoiw.kZ lkekftd lsokvksa dks lEiUu djus osQ fy, ;fn vkfFkZd lk/uksa dks xSj&ljdkjh mi;ksx ls
gVkdj ljdkjh mi;ksxksa esa yxk;k tk;s rks mls vuqRiknd (unproductive) ugha ekuk tkuk pkfg,] fo'ks"k :i
ls vYifodflr rFkk fodkl'khy ns'kksa (under-developed and developing countries) esaA vr%
fu"d"kZ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd vk£Fkd o lkekftd vk/kjHkwr lsokvksa dks lEiUu djus osQ fy, fd;k
x;k ljdkjh [kpZ blfy, vR;f/d egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gS D;ksafd ;g m|ksxksa dks ckã fdiQk;rsa (external
economies) iznku djrk gS rFkk ekuoh; iw¡th osQ lkekftd dY;k.k esa o`f¼ djrk gSA bl izdkj ;g
xSj&ljdkjh /u dks rhozxfr ls m|ksxksa esa yxkus osQ fy, izksRlkgu nsrk gS rFkk lEiw.kZ leqnk; osQ vkfFkZd fodkl
esa lgk;d gksrk gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr MkYVu us oqQN ,sls fdLe osQ [kpks± dk mYys[k fd;k gS tks mRiknu 'kfDr esa o`f¼ djrs
gSa rFkk lkekftd n`f"V ls okaNuh; gksrs gSaA ,sls [kpZ fuEufyf[kr gSaµ(1) Í.k&'kks/u (debt redemp-
tion), tgk¡ fd okfil fd;k x;k vf/dka'k /u lkekU;r% iqufuZos'k (re-invest) dj fn;k tkrk gSA
(2) mRikndh; izk;kstuk;sa tSls fd ¯lpkbZ] ou yxkuk] Hkwfe dk mi;ksxhdj.k (land reclamation), fctyh
rFkk ifjogu dk fodkl vkfnA ;s izk;kstuk,¡ nh?kZdky esa rks Hkkjh ykHk iznku djrh gSa fdUrq rRdky ;k fudV
Hkfo"; esa pw¡fd dksbZ izfriQy ugha nsrh vr% futh fuos'kdrkZ (private) buesa /u yxkus dks izsfjr ugha gksrs
(3) f'k{kk] izf'k{k.k] vuqla/ku] vkfo"dkj rFkk lwpuk;sa izkIr ;k iznku djus ij fd;k x;k ljdkjh [kpZA

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