Page 115 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—8% Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh % vo/kj.kk,¡] dkj.k ,oa ljdkj dh uhfr;k¡

vkSj oqQVhj m|ksxksa dk vHkko gSA iQyr% jkstxkj osQ oSdfYid volj xzkeh.k {ks=k esa i;kZIr :i ls ugha uksV
c<+ ik;s gSaA
(c) uxjh; ;k f'kf{kr csjkstxkjh lEcU/h dkj.k (Causes for Urban or Educated Unemployment)μ uxjh;
{ks=k esa vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa rFkk i<+s&fy[ks yksxksa esa csjkstxkjh osQ izeq[k dkj.k fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
(1) nks"kiw.kZ f'k{kk iz.kkyh (Defective Education System)μgekjh f'k{kk iz.kkyh nks"kiw.kZ gS D;ksafd og
vf/drj lkfgfR;d gS] O;kolkf;d ugha gS ftlosQ iQyLo:i f'kf{kr csdkjh ns'k esa vf/d gSA izR;sd
o"kZ gekjs fo'ofo|ky;ksa ls gtkjksa fo|kFkhZ ch-,-] ,e-,- ikl djrs gSaA iQyr% izfr o"kZ f'kf{kr oxZ esa
dk;Z <w¡<us okyksa rFkk dk;Z osQ voljksa esa vUrj c<+rk tkrk gSA
orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh ^Lo&jkstxkj* (Self-employment) dks c<+kok u nsdj ^jkstxkj ryk'k djus okyksa*
(Employment Seekers) dks vf/d c<+kok nsrh gS ftlls leL;k tfVy gksrh tkrh gSA ;g ckr n{k
o vn{k nksuksa izdkj osQ Jfedksa ij ykxw gksrh gSA

(2) izfrowQy mRiknu rduhdh dk pquko (Selection of Unfavourable Technique of Production)μ Hkkjr
esa fofHkUu ;kstukvksa esa mRiknu osQ {ks=k esa fodflr ik'pkR; rduhdksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA iQyr%
miHkksx&oLrq m|ksxksa o Hkkjh m|ksxksa esa {ks=khdj.k bruk vf/d gks x;k fd orZeku miHkksx&oLrqvkas o
e'khu cukus okys m|ksxksa esa fofu;ksx dh izfr bdkbZ jkstxkj iznku djus dh {kerk cgqr de gSA
;kstukvksa dh vof/ esa jk"Vªh; vk; rFkk csjkstxkjh esa ,d lkFk o`f¼ gksus dk ,d dkj.k ;g gS fd
;kstukvksa osQ vUrxZr pqus x;s rduhdh mRiknu dh ek=kk esa o`f¼ djrs gSa ijUrq buls Je dh
vko';drk de gks tkrh gSA

(3) fodkl dh /heh xfr (Low Rate of Development)μHkkjr esa ;kstuk dky esa ;|fi vkfFkZd fodkl
gqvk gS vkSj mRiknu dh ek=kk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS ysfdu vkfFkZd fodkl dh nj fofHkUu iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa
osQ vUrxZr y{; ls uhph jgh gSA bl fLFkfr esa jkstxkj osQ voljksa esa T;knk o`f¼ u gksuk LokHkkfod
gh gSA
(4) fofu;ksx dk fuEu Lrj (Low Level of Investment)μHkkjr dh csjkstxkjh osQ izeq[k dkj.kksa esa
fofu;ksx osQ fuEu Lrj dks mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA ns'k esa lkoZtfud fofu;ksx dh okLrfod
ek=kk esa o`f¼ ugha dh tk ldrh FkhA vkUrfjd eqnzk&LiQhfr] fons'kh lgk;rk dh vfuf'prrk o ;q¼
dh vk'kadk osQ dkj.k iw¡th fofu;ksx fo'ks"k :i ls 1965-75 osQ n'kd esa vk'kkuqowQy ugha jgkA ,slh
fLFkfr esa xfrghurk dh fLFkfr vFkZO;oLFkk esa mRiUu gks x;h FkhA bl izdkj fofu;ksx osQ vHkko osQ
dkj.k Hkkjr esa jkstxkj osQ voljksa esa i;kZIr o`f¼ ugha dh tk ldh gSA
(5) futh {ks=k osQ le{k vfuf'prrk (Uncertaintics before Private Sector)μfuth {ks=k leFkZdksa dk
er gS fd ljdkjh uhfr;k¡ futh {ks=k dks grksRlkfgr djrh gSa ftlls jkstxkj osQ volj c<+kus esa viuk
iwjk ;ksxnku ugha ns ikrsA Hkwrdky esa ljdkj dh dj uhfr fofu;ksx dks izksRlkgu nsus okyh ugha jgh gSA

(6) f'kf{krksa dk n`f"Vdks.k (Attitudes of Educated People)μns'k esa f'kf{krksa dk n`f"Vdks.k fofp=k gS]
lisQniks'k oqQrkZ ilUn gSA muesa 'kkjhfjd Je osQ izfr v#fp gS] xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa dk;Z djus ls ?k`.kk gSA
os 'kgjh okrkoj.k dks ykykf;r gSaA os rduhdh o xzkeh.k&jkstxkjksa esa tkuk ugha pkgrs] vr% f'kf{kr
csdkjh c<+h gSA
(7) O;kolkf;d f'k{kk dh /heh xfr (Slow Progress of Vocational Education)μns'k esa lkekU;
f'k{kk dk rsth ls fodkl gqvk gS fdUrq O;kolkf;d o rduhdh f'k{kk dh izxfr cgqr /heh jgh gSA
blls lkekU; f'kf{krksa esa csjkstxkjh fujUrj c<+rh gh x;hA vc rks rduhdh f'k{kk izkIr yksxksa eas Hkh
csdkjh O;kIr gSA

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