Page 114 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV viuk;h tk ldh gSA Je&'kfDr osQ fu;kstu dh fn'kk esa fo'ks"k izxfr ugha gqbZ gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ns'k
esa jkstxkj c<+us osQ lkFk&lkFk csjkstxkjh Hkh c<+h gSA
(5) vkfFkZd lq/kj (Economic Reform)μvkfFkZd lq/kjksa osQ lkr o"kks± (1991-98) esa Hkh fo'ks"kr;k
iw¡th&xgu fodkl] cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa osQ fofu;ksx o bUÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl dh /heh izxfr osQ
dkj.k jkstxkj osQ volj mruh rsth ls ugha c<+ losQ ftruh rsth ls Je&'kfDr c<+h gSA 1996-97 esa
m|ksxksa dks rjyrk ladV dk lkeuk djuk iM+k ftlls vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa #X.krk osQ iSQyus ls Hkh
jkstxkj&lao¼Zu ij izfrowQy izHkko iM+kA bldk fo'ks"k vlj y?kq m|ksxksa ij ns[kk x;k gS ftUgsa dk;Z'khy
iw¡th osQ vHkko dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gSA
csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr foLiQksVd gksrh tk jgh gS] bldk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd laxfBr {ks=k osQ nksuksa Hkkxksa
(lkoZtfud {ks=k ,oa futh {ks=k) esa jkstxkj o`f¼ nj esa deh vk;h gSA lkoZtfud {ks=k esa rks jkstxkj o`f¼ dh
nj 1998 esa Í.kkRed gks x;h vkSj 1999 esa ux.; jghA blh izdkj futh {ks=k esa Hkh jkstxkj o`f¼ nj esa deh
vk;h gSA
(II) fof'k"V dkj.k (Specific Causes)
Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh osQ fof'k"V dkj.kksa dk vè;;u ge fuEufyf[kr nks 'kh"kZdksa osQ vUrxZr dj ldrs gSaμ
(v) xzkeh.k ;k vn`'; csjkstxkjh lEcU/h dkj.k (Causes of Rural or Disguise Unemployment)μ Åij
of.kZr lkekU; dkj.kksa osQ vfrfjDr xzkeh.k {ks=k esa csjkstxkjh esa o`f¼ osQ fy, fuEu ?kVd mÙkjnk;h gSaμ
(1) Ñf"k dh ekSleh izÑfr (Seasonal Nature of Agriculture)μvkt Hkh vusd jkT;ksa esa Ñf"k ekulwu
dh o"kkZ ij fuHkZj gSA iQyr% iwjs o"kZ Hkj Ñf"k jkstxkj iznku ugha dj ikrhA osQoy iQly cksus ls ysdj
mldks dkVus rd gh i;kZIr jkstxkj osQ volj jgrs gSa ,oa o"kZ osQ 'ks"k ekgksa esa Jfed cM+s iSekus ij
csjkstxkj jgrs gSaA Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa csjkstxkjh dk ,d dkj.k Ñf"k dh ekSleh izÑfr Hkh gSA
(2) c<+rk gqvk tu&Hkkj (Increase in Pressure of Population)μtula[;k dh o`f¼ ls Ñf"k Hkwfe ij
tu&Hkkj Hkh c<+k gSA vko';drk ls vf/d tula[;k gksus ls miyC/ Ñf"k ij fNih gqbZ csjkstxkjh osQ
vkdkj esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA blls vkSlr xzkeh.k ifjokj dk Lrj de gqvk gS vkSj izfr O;fDr vk; esa fxjkoV
vkbZ gSA
(3) xzkeh.k {ks=k esa O;kid fuj{kjrk (Mass Illiteracy in Rural Sector)μHkkjr esa xzkeh.k {ks=k esa fuj{kjrk
O;kid Lrj ij fo|eku gSA blls xzkeh.k {ks=k esa voqQ'kyrk esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA ;gh ugha] fuj{kjrk xzkeh.k
dks fo'ks"k izdkj osQ izf'k{k.k izkIr djus esa ck/k mRiUu djrh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] ;g fLFkfr Ñf"k osQ
lgk;d m|ksx&/U/ksa dks viukus esa Hkh xfrjks/ mRiUu djrh gSA

(4) iw¡th dk vHkko (Shortage of Capital)μHkkjr esa Ñ"kdksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr vR;Ur n;uh; gSA Ñ"kdksa
dh vk; de gksus osQ dkj.k os vf/d cpr ugha dj ikrsA iQyr% muosQ ikl i;kZIr ek=kk esa iw¡th ugha
gksrhA iw¡th dh deh osQ dkj.k fdlkuksa osQ ikl Ñf"k ls lEcfU/r iw¡th osQ lk/uksa dk vHkko cuk jgrk
gS vkSj mUgsa oSdfYid dk;Z Hkh miyC/ ugha gks ikrsA

(5) lkekftd fLFkfr (Social Status)μHkkjr dk xzkeh.k lekt vR;f/d ijEijkxr ,oa lkekftd
oqQjhfr;ksa] vU/fo'oklksa vkfn ls tdM+k gqvk gSA blls tkfr&O;oLFkk vf/d etcwr gqbZ gSA ;s fLFkfr;k¡
Ñ"kdksa dks oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k viukus esa #dkoV Mkyrh gSaA lkekftd ,oa /kfeZd vU/fo'okl Ñf"k
Jfedksa dh xfr'khyrk ij Hkh foijhr izHkko Mkyrs gSaA
(6) lgk;d m|ksx&/U/ksa dk vHkko (Shortage of Secondary Industries)μHkkjr dh izFke rhu
iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa esa Ñf"k ls lEcfU/r lgk;d m|ksx&/U/ksa vkSj oqQVhj m|ksxksa osQ fodkl ij vfèkd
cy ugha fn;k x;kA ckn esa iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa esa ;|fi bl fn'kk esa iz;kl fd;s x;s] fiQj Hkh xzkeh.k

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