Page 113 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—8% Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh % vo/kj.kk,¡] dkj.k ,oa ljdkj dh uhfr;k¡

uksV

lajpukRed csjkstxkjh dh izo`fr nh?kZdkyhu gksrh gS tks lhfer iw¡th ,oa Je ckgqY;
ds dkj.k iSnk gksrh gSA

vk'k; (Meaning)μcsjkstxkjh ,d ,slh fLFkfr gS tgk¡ Je&'kfDr (Je dh iw¡th) o jkstxkj osQ voljksa (Je
dh ek¡x) esa vUrj gksrk gSA csjkstxkjh Jfedksa dh ek¡x dh vis{kk mudh iw£r osQ vf/d gksus dk ifj.kke gSA
csjkstxkjh ls vk'k; ,d ,slh fLFkfr ls gS ftlesa O;fDr orZeku etnwjh dh nj ij dke djus dks rS;kj
gksrk gS ijUrq mls dke ugha feyrkA fdlh ns'k esa csjkstxkjh dh voLFkk og voLFkk gS ftlesa ns'k esa cgqr&ls
dke djus ;ksX; O;fDr gSa ijUrq mUgsa fofHkUu dkj.kksa ls dke ugha fey jgk gSA vr,o csjkstxkjh dk vuqeku
yxkrs le; osQoy mUgha O;fDr;ksa dh x.kuk dh tkrh gS tks (a) dke djus osQ ;ksX; gSa_ (b) dke djus osQ
bPNqd gSa rFkk (c) orZeku etnwjh ij dke djus osQ fy, rS;kj gSaA mu O;fDr;ksa dks tks dke djus osQ ;ksX;
ugha gSa_ tSlsμchekj] cw<+s] cPps] fo|kFkhZ vkfn dks csjkstxkjh esa lfEefyr ugha fd;k tkrkA blh izdkj tks yksx
dke djuk gh ilUn ugha djrs] mudh x.kuk Hkh csjkstxkjksa esa ugha dh tkrh gSA izks- ihxw osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d
O;fDr dks ml le; gh csjkstxkj dgk tk;sxk tc mlosQ ikl jkstxkj dk dksbZ lk/u ugha gS ijUrq og jkstxkj
izkIr djuk pkgrk gSA¸

csjkstxkjksa dh la[;k
csjkstxkjh dh nj (Rate of Unemployment) =
Je 'kfDr
c<+rh gqbZ tula[;k osQ lkFk&lkFk lekt dh Je&'kfDr esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA Je dh vf/drk osQ dkj.k Hkkjr
esa csjkstxkjh rFkk vn`'; csjkstxkjh esa o`f¼ gksrh tk jgh gSA

8-2 Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh osQ dkj.k (Causes of Unemployment In India)

Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h dkj.k bl izdkj gSaμ
(1) lkekU; dkj.k (General Causes)
Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h oqQN lkekU; dkj.k fuEu izdkj gSaμ

(1) tula[;k esa rhoz o`f¼ (Rapid Increase in Population)μcsjkstxkjh esa rhoz xfr ls o`f¼ dk eq[;
,oa egRoiw.kZ dkj.k c<+rh gqbZ tula[;k gS tks 2.5 izfr'kr dh nj ls c<+ jgh gS] tcfd jkstxkj dh
lqfoèkk,¡ ml nj ls ugha c<+ jgh gSaA ;gk¡ izfro"kZ 70 yk[k O;fDr jkstxkj pkgus okyksa dh la[;k esa
tqM+ gks gSaA
(2) fu;kstu esa nks"k (Defective Planning)μns'k esa 1951 ls fu;kstu dk dk;Z py jgk gS ysfdu ;g
fu;kstu =kqfViw.kZ jgk gSA blesa jkstxkjewyd uhfr dk izfriknu ugha fd;k x;k gS] iQyr% csjkstxkjh esa
o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
(3) vkfFkZd fodkl dh /heh xfr (Slow Rate of Economic Growth)μjkstxkj dh ek=kk esa o`f¼
vkfFkZd fodkl dh nj ij fuHkZj djrh gSA tc vkfFkZd fodkl dh nj rhoz gksrh gS rks jkstxkj osQ
vf/d volj mRiUu gksrs gSaA fiNys 47 o"kks± osQ ;kstukc¼ fodkl osQ ckotwn Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa
okf"kZd fodkl nj 3.5% gh jghA blls jkstxkj osQ i;kZIr volj mRiUu ugha gks losQA ifj.kke ;g gqvk
fd csjkstxkjh c<+rh x;hA
(4) jkstxkj uhfr o Je&'kfDr fu;kstu (Employment Policy and Man-power Planning)μ
LorU=krk&izkfIr osQ ckn iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa osQ }kjk ns'k dk vkfFkZd fodkl djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k
gS ysfdu ;kstukvksa esa jkstxkj iznku djus osQ lEcU/ esa dksbZ O;kid] izxfr'khy o izHkko'kkyh uhfr ugha

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