Page 112 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV 8-1 csjkstxkjh dh vo/kj.kk,¡ (Concepts of Unemployment)

1- iw.kZ jkstxkj (Full Employment)μtc fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk esa lHkh lalk/uksa dk iw.kZr% nksgu gksrk gS
rFkk jkstxkj dh bPNk okys lHkh O;fDr;ksa dks iw.kZr;k jkstxkj feyrk gS] rc bls iw.kZ jkstxkj dh voLFkk
ekuk tkrk gSA
2- csjkstxkjh (Unemployment)μcsjkstxkjh ls vk'k; ,d ,slh fLFkfr ls gS ftlesa O;fDr orZeku etnwjh
dh nj ij dke djus dks rS;kj gS ijUrq mls dke ugha feyrkA
3- ekSleh csjkstxkjh (Seasonal Unemployment)μtc o"kZ osQ oqQN eghuksa ;k fo'ks"k vof/ esa izfr o"kZ
csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr mRiUu gks tkrh gS rks bl izdkj dh csjkstxkjh dks ekSleh csjkstxkjh dgrs gSaA
4- vYijkstxkj (Under-employment)μtc fdlh O;fDr dks viuh ;ksX;rkuqlkj dke ugha feyrk gS
vFkok iwjk dke ugha feyrk gS rks mls vYijkstxkj dgrs gSaA

5- lajpukRed csjkstxkjh (Structural Employment)μnh?kZdkyhu izo`fÙk dh ;g csjkstxkjh vFkZO;oLFkk
osQ <k¡ps osQ fiNM+siu] lhfer iw¡th ,oa Je osQ ckgqY; osQ dkj.k mRiUu gksrh gSA

6- pØh; csjkstxkjh (Cyclical Unemployment)μtc ns'k esa O;kikj&pØ esa eUnh osQ dkj.k csjkstxkjh
mRiUu gks rks bls pØh; csjkstxkjh dgk tkrk gSA
7- fNih gqbZ ;k vn`'; csjkstxkjh (Disguised Unemployment)μfNih gqbZ csjkstxkjh ls gekjk rkRi;Z
xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dh ml fLFkfr ls gS ftlesa Jfed dke ij yxk gqvk ekywe gksrk gS fdUrq mRiknu
esa mldk va'knku ugha osQ cjkcj gksrk gS vFkkZr~ lhekUr mRiknu 'kwU; gksrk gSA
8- ?k"kZ.kkRed csjkstxkjh {ks=k (Frictional Unemployment)μmRiknu dh rduhdksa eas ifjorZu osQ
dkj.k oqQN yksx csjkstxkj gks tkrs gSa D;ksafd ubZ rduhd osQ iz;ksx esa os oqQ'ky ugha gksrs gSa vFkok blosQ
dkj.k mRiknu Je dh okafNr ek=kk esa deh gks tkrh gSA bl izdkj dh csjkstxkjh dks ?k"kZ.kkRed
csjkstxkjh dgrs gSaA
9- vukSipkfjd {ks=kd (Informal Sector)μvYifodflr ns'kksa eas cgqr&ls yksx NksVs&NksVs Je&iz/ku
jkstxkj esa yxs jgrs gSa ftUgsa vukSipkfjd {ks=kd dgk tkrk gSA blosQ vUrxZr nthZ] eksVj eSosQfud] èkksch]
pk;&iku vkfn dh nqdkuksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA
10- jkstxkj xq.kd (Employment Multiplier)μizkFkfed jkstxkj esa o`f¼ gksus osQ dkj.k oqQy jkstxkj esa
tks o`f¼ gksrh gS] o`f¼ dh bl nj dks jkstxkj xq.kd dgrs gSaA
11- csjkstxkjh nj (Unemployment Rate)μog nj gS ftldk vuqeku csjkstxkj yksxksa dh la[;k dks Je
'kfDr ls Hkkx nsdj yxk;k tkrk gSA
csjkstxkjksa dh la[;k
csjkstxkjh dh nj (Rate of Unemployment) =
Je 'kfDr
12- fpjdkfyd csjkstxkjh (Chronic Unemployment) ;k lkekU; voLFkk (Usual Status)
csjkstxkjhμfpdkfyd csjkstxkj os O;fDr gSa tks iwjs o"kZ csjkstxkj jgs gksaA ;s O;fDr vkdfLed dk;Z
Lohdkj ugha djrs gSaA
13- lkIrkfgd voLFkk csjkstxkjh (Weekly Status Unemployment)μlkIrkfgd csjkstxkj os O;fDr gSa
ftUgsa ^losZ{k.k lIrkg* osQ nkSjku ,d ?k.Vs osQ fy, Hkh dke ugha fey ik;k gksA

14- nSfud voLFkk csjkstxkjh (Daily Status Unemployment)μnSfud csjkstxkj os O;fDr gSa tks lIrkg
esa oqQN fnuksa rks jkstxkj ikrs gSa vkSj 'ks"k fnu csjkstxkj jgrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ^losZ{k.k lIrkg* osQ nkSjku
os ,d fnu ;k oqQN fnu csjkstxkj jgs gSaA

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