Page 144 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV dks vkRelkr djuk (Absorption of modern technology) vkSj {kerk osQ iw.kZrj iz;ksx dks ,d jk"Vªh; vfHk;ku
dk :i nsukA
u;h vk£Fkd uhfr dk ewy cy futh {ks=k osQ fy, vfèkd dk;ZHkkx dk izkoèkku djuk gSA Jh jktho xkaèkh us lkiQ
'kCnksa esa dgkμ¶lkoZtfud {ks=k cgqr ls ,sls {ks=kksa esa iSQy x;k gS tgka bls ugha gksuk pkfg,---ge vius lkoZtfud
{ks=k dks ,sls dk;ks± esa yxkuk pkgsaxs tks futh {ks=k }kjk ugha fd, tk ldrsA ijUrq ge futh {ks=k osQ fy, cgqr ls
}kj [kksy nsaxs rkfd og viuk foLrkj dj losQ vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk vfèkd LorU=k :i esa fodflr gks losQA¸
futh {ks=k osQ fy, vfèkd foLr`r {ks=k miyCèk djus osQ fy, cgqr ls uhfr lEcUèkh ifjorZu fd, x, ftudk lEcUèk
ifjorZu fd, x, ftudk lEcUèk vkS|ksfxd ykblsal uhfr] fu;kZr&vk;kr uhfr rdukWykth; mUufr (Technologi-
cal upgradation), izfrcUèkksa dks gVkus vkSj jktdks"kh; ,oa iz'kklfud fu;eu iz.kkyh osQ ljyhdj.k ls FkkA ;s
lc ifjorZu bl fn'kk&funsZ'k osQ vkèkhu fd, tk jgs Fks fd futh {ks=k osQ fy, ,d vckèk okrkoj.k dk;e fd;k
tk, rkfd vFkZO;oLFkk osQ vkèkqfudhdj.k osQ fy, futh {ks=k osQ fofu;ksx dks ,d tcjnLr izksRlkgu izkIr gk losQ
ftlosQ iQyLo:i ns'k esa rhoz vk£Fkd fodkl gks losQA izksisQlj osQ- ,u- jkt- u;h vk£Fkd uhfr dk lkj bu 'kCnksa
esa izLrqr djrs gSaμ¶fdUrq bl ckr ij ,d vke lgefr izkIr gks x;h gS fd bu uhfr lEcUèkh ifjorZuksa dk oqQYy
feykdj ,d izeq[k y{k.k futh {ks=k osQ vizfrcfUèkr fodkl osQ fy, vfèkd {ks=k&foLrkj djuk gS] ,slk fo'ks"kdj
fofuekZ.k m|ksx osQ fuxe {ks=k osQ fy, fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa (Multinational Corporations)osQ
fy, cgqr ls volj [kksys tk jgs gSaA¸
bl fLFkfr dks lqèkkjus osQ fy, u;h vk£Fkd uhfr us fu;U=k.kksa dh 'kklu&iz.kkyh dks rksM+us dh vksj è;ku osQfUnzr
fd;k rkfd ykblsal izkIr djus esa vuko';d vM+pusa nwj dh tk losaQ] mRiknu dk lek;kstu iz'kkflr dherksa
(Administered prices) }kjk u djuk iM+s vkSj ,e- vkj- Vh- ih- dEifu;ksa dks vkS|ksfxd ykblsal ls bUdkj djus
osQ izfrcUèk gVk, tk losaQA
ih- oh- uj¯lg jko dh ljdkj osQ vkèkhu vk£Fkd lqèkkjμnwljh ygj

dkaxzsl dh ljdkj us 21 twu 1991 dks lÙkk laHkkyus osQ i'pkr~ cgqr ls fLFkjhdj.k (Stabilisation) lacaèkh mik;ksa
dh ?kks"k.kk dh rkfd vkUrfjd ,oa fons'kh fo'okl izkIr fd;k tk losQA C;kt&nj dks c<+kdj ekSfnzd uhfr dks vkSj
etcwr cuk;k x;k] #i;s dh fofue;&nj (Exchange rate) dk 22 izfr'kr voewY;u fd;k x;k vkSj O;kikj
iz.kkyh esa Hkkjh ljyhdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k (Liberalisation) dh ?kks"k.kk dh x;hA vk£Fkd j.kuhfr esa osaQnz osQ
:i esa ljdkj us jktdks"kh; vlarqyu (Fiscal imbalance) dks de djus dk izksxzke cuk;k ftlosQ leFkZu osQ
fy, vk£Fkd uhfr esa lqèkkj fd;s x;s tks fd vFkZO;oLFkk dh fodkl&izfØ;k dks ,d u;h xfr iznku djus osQ fy,
vfuok;Z FksA¸ vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k dks fn, x, Kkiu esa] rRdkyhu foÙk ea=kh Mk- eueksgu ¯lg us mYys[k
fd;kμbudk eq[; cy vkS|ksfxd mRiknu dh oqQ'kyrk ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; izfrLi¼kZ dks c<+kuk] Hkwrdky dh rqyuk
esa fons'kh fuos'k ,oa rdukykth dk dgha vfèkd ek=kk esa iz;ksx] lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ fu"iknu dks mUur djuk rFkk
blosQ {ks=k dh lqO;oLFkk djuk vkSj foÙkh; {ks=k dk lqèkkj ,oa vkèkqfudhdj.k Fkk rkfd og vFkZO;oLFkk dh
vko';drkvksa dks vfèkd oqQ'kyrk ls iwjk dj losQA

eq[; lef"V&vk£Fkd y{; fuEufyf[kr r; fd, x,μ
nwljh ygj osQ vk£Fkd lqèkkjksa osQ eq[; {ks=k gSaμ

jktdks"kh; uhfr (Fiscal Policy)
gekjk eè;edkyhu y{; lexz lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ ?kkVs dks tks ldy ns'kh; mRikn osQ 12-5 izfr'kr rd igqap
x;k gS de djosQ 1990 osQ n'kd osQ eè; rd ldy ns'kh mRikn osQ 4 izfr'kr rd ykuk gSA
bl mís'; dh izkfIr osQ fy, ljdkj lkoZtfud O;; dks l[rh ls fu;af=kr djuk pkgrh Fkh vkSj dj ,oa dj&fHkUu

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