Page 146 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV ysuh iM+sxhA u gh ,dkfèkdkjh ?kjkuksa dks viuh foLrkj ;kstukvksa] u;s m|e LFkkfir djus] foy;u ,oa
LokfeRogj.k (Take-over) osQ fy, ljdkj ls btktr ysuh gksxhA
(iii) lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ fy, vkjf{kr fØ;kvksa dk nk;jk vc igys ls cgqr rax gS vkSj 'ks"k vkjf{kr {ks=kksa
(Reserved areas) dks futh {ks=k dks [kksyus ij vc dksbZ ikcanh ugha gSA

fons'kh fuos'k uhfr (Foreign Investment Policy)
vkS|ksfxd uhfr (1991) fons'kh fuos'k osQ fy, vfèkd volj Hkh iznku djrh gS rkfd rdukykth gLrkarj.k]
foi.ku fo'ks"kKrk vkSj vkèkqfud izcaèkdh; rduhdksa osQ iz;ksx dk ykHk mBk;k tk losQA bldk ;g Hkh bjknk gS
fd fons'kh futh iwath vUrizZokgksa dh lajpuk esa vR;Ur vko';d ifjorZu fd;k tk, rkfd Í.k&mRiUu djus okys
izokgksa dh vis{kk fgLlk&iwath (Equity) dh vfèkd ek=kk izkIr dh tk losQ bl lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr mik;ksa dh
?kks"k.kk dh x;h gSμ
(i) cgqr ls m|ksxksa esa 51 izfr'kr fons'kh fgLlk iwath osQ LokfeRo dh lhek rd izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (Direct
foreign investment) dh Lor% LohÑfr nh tk;sxhA blls iwoZ lHkh fons'kh fuos'k lkekU;r% 40 izfr'kr
rd lhfer FkkA
(ii) vUrjkZ"Vªh; cktkjksa rd igqapus osQ fy,] cgqla[;d fons'kh fgLlk iwath dks 51 izfr'kr rd ,slh O;kikj

dEifu;ksa esa yxkus dh btktr gksxh tks fu;kZr fØ;kvksa esa yxh gqbZ gSA
ljdkj mPp izkFkfedrk okys m|ksxksa esa rdukykth lafèk;ksa osQ fy, Lor% LohÑfr (Automatic aproval) iznku
djsxh ;g lqfoèkk vU; m|ksxksa dks Hkh izkIr gksxh ;fn ,slh lafèk;ksa esa fons'kh eqnzk dh vko';drk u gksA
O;kikj uhfr (Trade Policy)

bl j.kuhfr dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ vax ifjek.kkRed izfrcaèkksa (Quantitative restrictions) dh 'kklu&iz.kkyh dk
dher&vkèkkfjr iz.kkyh osQ laØe.k gSA ljdkj us 1 vizSy 2011 us lHkh enksa ij ek=kkRed izfrcUèk lekIr dj
fn, gSaA

lkoZtfud {ks=k lacaèkh uhfr (Public Sector Policy)
ljdkj dk er gS fd lkoZtfud {ks=k us cM+s iSekus ij vkUrfjd vfrjsd (Internal surpluses) iSnk ugha fd;s
gSa D;ksafd blosQ fy, vi;kZIr izfrLi¼kZ dk vHkko jgk gSA blus mPp ykxr <kaps dks izksUur fd;k gSA lkoZtfud
{ks=k dh leL;kvksa osQ lekèkku osQ fy, ljdkj us ,d u;k n`f"Vdks.k viuk;k ftlosQ eq[; vax fuEufyf[kr Fksμ
(i) lkoZtfud fofu;ksx osQ orZeku iksVZiQksfy;k osQ ;FkkFkZokn dh dlkSVh osQ vkèkkj ij leh{kk dh tk;sxh rkfd
mu {ks=kksa dks blls nwj j[kk tk;s ftuesa lkekftd èkkj.kk,a egÙoiw.kZ ugha gSa vkSj tgka futh {ks=k vfèkd
oqQ'ky gSa_
(ii) ,sls {ks=k esa dk;Z djus okys m|eksa ftuesa lkoZtfud {ks=k dks tkjh j[kuk mfpr gS] dks vis{kkÑr cgqr
vfèkd izcaèkdh; Lok;Ùkrk (Manageria autonomy) izkIr gksxh_
(iii) lkoZtfud m|eksa dks izkIr gksus okyk ctVh;&leFkZu Øfed :i esa ?kVk;k tk;sxkA

(iv) lkoZtfud m|eksa esa cktkj&vuq'kklu (Market discipline) ykus osQ fy,] futh {ks=k ls Li¼kZ dks c<+kok
fn;k tk;sxk vkSj oqQN pqus gq, m|eksa esa fgLlk iwath dk fofuos'k (Disinvestment) fd;k tk;sxkA
(v) th.kZ :i esa chekj lkoZtfud m|eksa dks Hkkjh gkfu;ka djus dh btktr ugha nh tk,xhA
bl uhfr osQ ikyu osQ fy, dbZ mik; fd, tk,axsμ(1) lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ fy, vkjf{kr m|ksxksa dh la[;k 17
ls de djosQ 8 dj nh x;h gSA bl {ks=k esa Hkh jpukRed :i esa futh {ks=k osQ lg;ksx dh btktr nh x;hA fons'kh
dEifu;ksa osQ lkFk lk>s m|e vc laHko gk losaQxsA (2) ,sls lkoZtfud m|e tks th.kZ :i esa chekj gSa vkSj ftuosQ

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