Page 145 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—10% Hkkjrh; vk£Fkd uhfr;ksa dh leh{kk% lqèkkj osQ igys vkSj lqèkkj osQ ckn

jktLo dks c<+kus dk y{; j[krh FkhA ljdkj ;g Hkh pkgrh Fkh fd osQUnz ljdkj ,oaa jkT; ljdkjsa&nksuksa jktdks"kh; uksV
vuq'kklu (Fiscal discipline) ykxw djsaA 1991&92 esa lgkÕ;ksa (Subsidies) esa dVkSrh dh vkjaHk dh x;h izfØ;k
dks vkSj vkxs c<+k;k tk;sxk vkSj ,d fujis{k iz'kklfud dherksa (Administered prices) dh iz.kkyh dk;e dh
tk,xh] ftlosQ fy, cktkj dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ifjorZu vkSj ns'kh; laHkj.k dh fLFkfr dks è;ku esa j[kuk gksxkA ljdkj
,d vfèkd oqQ'ky O;;&iz.kkyh dk fodkl djus dk lqfuf'pr iz;kl djsxhA
blosQ vfrfjDr] osQUnz ljdkj jkT; ljdkjksa dks vius lkoZtfud m|eksa] fo'ks"kdj jkT; fctyh cksMks± ,oa lM+d
ifjogu fu;eksa dh fLFkfr lqèkkjus osQ fy, izksRlkgu nsxhA osaQnzh; lkoZtfud m|eksa dks feyus okys ctV&leFkZu
(Budgetary support) gVk fy, tk,axs vkSj mUgsa viuh oqQ'kyrk ,oa ykHknk;drk dks mUur djus osQ fy, etcwr
cuk;k tk;sxkA
ekSfnzd uhfr (Monetary Policy)

LiQhfrdkjh nckoksa dks de djus vkSj yf{kr Hkqxrku&'ks"k esa lqèkkj ykus osQ fy, izfrcaèkkRed ekSfnzd uhfr puk;h
tk;sxhA
dher uhfr (Price Policy)

ctVh; lkgkÕ;ksa (Budgetary subsidies) dks de djus vkSj vfèkd yksp'khy dher&<kaps dks izksUur djus dh
n`f"V ls ljdkj us cgl lh oLrqvksa ftlesa egÙoiw.kZ vknku (Inputs)μisVªksfy;e mRikn vkSj moZjd 'kkfey gSa]
dh iz'kkflr dherksa esa o`f¼ dh ?kks"k.kk dhA blh izdkj jsyos osQ fdjk;ksa] clksa osQ fdjk;ksa vkSj Ñf"k oLrqvksa tSls
phuh dh dherksa esa Hkh o`f¼ dj nhA blosQ vfrfjDr] dher uhfr;ka lHk {ks=kksa esa vfèkd yksp'khyrk dk;e djus
osQ mís'; ls dk;Z djsaxh vkSj lkoZtfud m|eksa dks cktkj&'kfDr;ksa osQ vuqlkj dhersa r; djus dh vfèkd Lora=krk
nh tk;sxhA
fons'kh [kkrs lacaèkh uhfr

ljdkj osQ fLFkjhdj.k (Stabilisation) vkSj vk;kr laoqQpu mik;ksa ls ;g izR;k'kk dh x;h fd os fons'kh [kkrs osQ
?kkVs dks de djosQ 1991&92 esa ldy ns'kh; mRikn osQ 2 izfr'kr ij yk;k tk,A
lkekftd uhfr;ka (Social Policies)

ljdkj dk er Fkk fd tgka lef"V&vk£Fkd lek;kstu (Macro-economic adjustment) dh fØ;k rks d"Viw.kZ
gh gksxh] ijUrq ljdkj bl fØ;k dks ekuoh; :i nsuk pkgrh gS vkSj bl dkj.k fuèkZurk nwj djus osQ mís'; dks
;g lek;kstu fØ;k dk vfHkUu vax ekurh gSA bl fl¼kar dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, ljdkj us izkFkfed f'k{kk xzkeh.k
ihus osQ ikuh dh miyfCèk] NksVs ,oa lhekar fdlkuksa dks lgk;rk] fL=k;ksa ,oa cPpksa osQ izksxzkeksa] vuqlwfpr ,oa
tutkfr;ksa vkSj lekt osQ vU; detksj oxks± osQ dY;k.k osQ izksxzkeksa osQ fy, vfèkd O;; dk izkoèkku fd;kA blosQ
lkFk&lkFk ljdkj vkèkkjlajpuk vkSj xzke {ks=kksa esa jkstxkj&tuu izkstSDVksa ij Hkh vfèkd O;; djuk pkgrh FkhA

vkS|ksfxd uhfr lqèkkj (Industrial Policy Reforms)
og fofuek;d <kapk (Regulatory Framework) fodkl osQ ekxZ esa #dkoV Fkk] tqykbZ 24] 19991 dks ?kksf"kr
uhfr }kjk cqfu;knh :i esa ifjo£rr fd;k x;kA bl {ks=k esa vU; vk£Fkd lqèkkjksa osQ lkFk pkyw fd;s x;s mik;
fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
(i) 15 m|ksxksa dh lwph dks NksM+ vU; lHkh vkS|ksfxd izkstSDVksa osQ fy, vkS|ksfxd ykblsal gVk fy;s x;s gSaA
bl lwph esa ,sls m|ksx 'kkfey fd, x, gSa tks lqj{kk ,oa lkefjd egRo ls lacafèkr gSa] tks lkekftd dkj.kksa]
[krjukd jlk;u vkSj i;kZoj.k lacaèkh egÙoiw.kZ dkj.kksa ls tqM+s gSaA
(ii) ,e- vkj- Vh- ih- dEifu;ksa dks vius fofu;ksx fu.kZ;ksa osQ fy, ,e- vkj- Vh- ih- vk;ksx ls LohÑfr ugha

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