Page 273 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—19% Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa vk/kj lajpuk

tgktjkuh m|ksx osQ fodkl osQ ,dhÑr vax osQ :i esa cUnjxkgksa] NksVs iÙkuh ,oa izdk'k LrEHkksa (Light houses) uksV
dk fodkl Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA
tgktjkuh {ks=k esa lq/kj

Hkkjrh; tgktjkuh osQ fodkl dks izksUur djus osQ fy,] Hkkjr ljdkj us 1990&91 esa ,d u;h tgktjkuh uhfr
dh ?kks"k.kk dh tks fd Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa mnkjhdj.k osQ vuqowQy gSA blesa fuEufyf[kr eq[; mik; 'kkfey
gSaμ
(1) futh dEifu;ksa dks oqQN oxks± dks NksM+ vU; lHkh izdkj osQ tgktksa dks izkIr djus esa Lor% LohÑfr
(Automatic approval) nh x;hA futh {ks=k dks ftu oxks± esa o£tr fd;k x;k] os gSaμ:{k rsy VSadj]
Hkkj&{kerk osQ izfrLFkkiu osQ fy, izkfIr vkSj Hkkjrh; f'ki;kMZ ls tgktksa dh izkfIrA
(2) tgktksa osQ foØ; ij LohÑfr ysus dh vko';drk ughaA
(3) tgktjkuh dEifu;ksa dks bl btktr nh x;h fd os Hkkjrh; tgktksa ls izkIr foØ;&jkf'k fons'kksa esa gh
j[k ysa ftlls u;s tgktksa dks izkIr fd;k tk losQA

(4) tgktjkuh dEifu;ksa dks HkkM+s vkSj iV~VkUrj.k (Charter and demise method) osQ vuqlkj tgkt izkIr
djus dh btktr nh x;hA

(5) Hkkjrh; tgktksa dks fons'kh dEifu;ksa dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; Økl&O;kikj (Cross trade) osQ fy, bLrseky djus
osQ fy, oqQN le; osQ fy, fdjk, ij nsus dh btktr nh x;hA
(6) O;kikjh tgktjkuh dkuwu (Merchant Shipping Act)] 1958 esa la'kks/u fd;k x;k gS rkfd Hkkjrh;
dEifu;ka vius tgktksa dks fxjoh j[k dj fons'kh eqnzk ½.k izkIr dj losaQA
Hkkjrh; tgktjkuh dh leL;k,¡μHkkjrh; tgktjkuh dh igyh leL;k Hkkj&lkeF;Z (Tonnage capacity) dk
vi;kZIr gksuk gSA nwljs] fons'kh eqnzk (Foreign exchange) dh deh osQ dkj.k tgktjkuh osQ fodkl esa xEHkhj
dfBukb;k¡ mRiUu gksrh gSa D;ksafd tgktjkuh osQ fodkl esa fons'kh eqnzk dh Hkkjh vko';drk iM+rh gSA rhsljs]
Hkkjrh; tgktjkuh m|ksx dh ifjpkyu ykxr (Operating cost) dkiQh vf/d gSA pkSFks] Hkkjrh; tgktjkuh
dEifu;ksa dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; dEifu;ksa ls izfr;ksfxrk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj tgktjkuh dEifu;ksa
dh dfBukb;ksa osQ ckjs esa ltx gS vkSj bUgsa nwj djus osQ iz;kl dj jgh gSA pkgs dkiQh izxfr gqbZ gS ijUrq ;g
fLFkfr larks"ktud ughaA
cUnjxkgksa dk fodkl vkSj futh lg;ksx

Hkkjr esa 12 izeq[k cUnjxkgsa gSa ftudk izcU/ Hkkjrh; iksVZ VªLV (Port Trust of India) }kjk osQUnz ljdkj osQ
vkèkhu yk;k x;k vkSj 185 NksVh cUnjxkgsa jkT; ljdkjksa osQ vk/hu dj nh x;haA izeq[k cUnjxkgksa }kjk oqQy
;krk;kr osQ 75 izfr'kr dk izcU/ fd;k tkrk gS tks fd ekpZ 2005 osQ vUr rd 50 djksM+ Vu c<+ tk,xk
tcfd bu cUnjxkgksa dh oqQy lkeF;Z (Capacity) 20-4 djksM+ Vu dk ;krk;kr laHkkyus dh gSA vr% izeq[k
cUnjxkgksa dh orZeku lkeF;Z dks tcjnLrh [khapk tk jgk gS vkSj bl dkj.k eky dh <qykbZ esa foyEc vkSj tgkt
dh okilh dk le; Hkh c<+ tkrk gSA vr% orZeku cUnjxkgksa dh vk/kjlajpuk (Infrastructure) c<+rs gq,
;krk;kr osQ Hkkj dk laHkkyus osQ fy, ukdkiQh gSA bl dkj.k cUnjxkgksa dh lkeF;Z c<+kus osQ fy, Hkkjh fofu;ksx
dh t:jr gSA
pw¡fd Hkkjr ljdkj cUnjxkgksa dh lkeF;Z dh ek¡x vkSj iw£r esa vUrj dks ikVus osQ fy, mfpr ek=kk esa fofu;ksx
tqVk ugha ik jgh gS] blfy, bl {ks=k esa futh {ks=k osQ fofu;ksx dks izksRlkgu fn;k tk jgk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us
u;h eqEcbZ esa tokgjyky usg: iksVZ dh lkeF;Z dk fodkl djus osQ fy, vkLVªsfy;k osQ usr`Ro vk/hu
dUlkSjfV;e (Consortium) osQ izkstSDV dks pkyw djus dh LohÑfr ns nh gSA vU; cUnjxkgsa Hkh futh {ks=k osQ

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