Page 274 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV lg;ksx }kjk lkeF;Z foLrkj osQ fy, izkstSDV rS;kj dj jgh gSaA
orZeku izo`fÙk;ksa osQ vk/kj ij 11oha ;kstuk osQ vUr ij (2012)] 80 djksM+ Vu dk eky <ksuk gksxkA blosQ fy,
{kerk esa egÙoiw.kZ foLrkj dh vko';drk gS vkSj ;g cM+h NksVh cUnjxkgksa ij djuk gksxkA ;kstuk us xgjh
leqnzh; cUnjxkg dk fodkl djus dk izLrko fd;k gSA {kerk&foLrkj dk vf/drj Hkkx lkoZtfud&futh
lk>hnkjh }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
cUnjxkgksa dks nwj&njkt osQ igkM+h bykdksa ls tksM+us osQ fy, i;kZIr jsy&lM+d tqM+ko dk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA 11oha
;kstuk bls mPp izkFkfedrk osQ vk/kj ij izksUur djuk pkgrh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] ljdkj cUnjxkg&U;klksa vkSj
eq[; iz;ksDrkvksa osQ lkFk lk>h iz;ksDrk lqfo/k,¡ fodflr djsxhA
ukxfjd foeku ifjogu (Civil Aviation)

ukxfjd foeku ifjogu dh okLrfod izxfr 1920 esa pkyw gqbZ tc ljdkj us oqQN gokbZ vM~Ms cuk,A ukxfjd
foeku&ifjogu foHkkx 1927 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k vkSj cgqr ls mM~M;u Dyc (Flying Club) dk;e fd, x,
fdUrq izxfr cgqr /heh FkhA nwljs fo'o ;q¼ osQ dky esa vkSj blosQ ckn dkiQh izxfr gqbZA cgqr&ls gokbZ tgkt
[kjhns x,] ubZ lsok,¡ pkyw dh xbZ vkSj mudh mM+kusa c<+kbZ xb±A 1948 esa ljdkj us viuh foeku ifjogu uhfr
(Aviation Policy) dh ?kks"k.kk dh ftlosQ vuqlkj vkUrfjd vkSj ckgjh lsokvksa dks oqQN futh okf.kfT;d
dEifu;ksa (Private Commercial Concerns) dh lgk;rk nsus dk fo'okl fnykuk FkkA 1946 esa] ljdkj us
ok;q&ifjogu ykblsal cksMZ LFkkfir fd;kA bl dkj.k 11 ok;q ifjogu dEifu;k¡ dk;e gks xb± ftlls dEifu;ksa
dks Hkkjh uqdlku gq,A
1950 esa ok;q ifjogu tk¡p lfefr (jktkè;{k lfefr) fu;qDr dh xbZA bl lfefr us ;g fliQkfj'k dh fd lHkh
dEifu;ksa dk leUo; dj pkj dEifu;k¡ cuk nsuh pkfg,¡ rkfd la?kkrh izfr;ksfxrk dks lekIr fd;k tk losQ vkSj
izns'kkuqlkj dk;Z ck¡Vk tk losQA pw¡fd futh dEifu;k¡ LosPNkiwoZd foy;u osQ fy, rS;kj ugha Fkha] Hkkjr ljdkj
dks ukxfjd foeku ifjogu dk jk"Vªh;dj.k djuk iM+kA blosQ rhu eq[; dkj.k Fksμ(1) jk"Vªh;dj.k ls
ifjpkyu oqQ'kyrk (Operational efficiency) c<+ tk,xhA (2) blls ukxfjd foeku ifjogu dh vPNh
O;oLFkk gks losQxh vkSj bl izdkj ljdkj dks izf'kf{kr rduhf'k;u] ik;yV vkfn fey losaQxs_ vkSj (3) blls
usrkvksa dk nksgjkiu de gks losQxk vkSj bl izdkj de gks tkus ls gkfu ?kVkbZ tk losQxhA
1953 esa ljdkj us ok;q&ifjogu fuxe vf/fu;e (Air Transport Corporation Act) ikl fd;kA ftlosQ
vkèkhu bf.M;u ,;jykbUl dkjiksjs'ku vkUrfjd ok;q lsok osQ fy, ,;j bf.M;k b.Vjus'kuy fons'kh ok;q lsok
osQ fy, LFkkfir dh xbZA jk"Vªh;dj.k osQ i'pkr~ lHkh fn'kkvksa esa izxfr gks jgh gSA u, gokbZ vM~Ms cuk, x,A
bu lc iz;klksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i 2002&03 esa] vUrnsZ'kh; (Domestic) ukxfjd foeku&ifjogu osQ vk/hu
1]640 yk[k fdyksehVj mM+ku dh xbZ] blesa 139 yk[k ;kf=k;ksa us liQj fd;k vkSj 1]462 yk[k Vu&fdyksehVj
eky dk ifjogu fd;k x;kA blosQ vfrfjDr vUrjkZ"Vªh; (International) foeku ifjogu }kjk 2002&03 esa
842 yk[k fdyksehVj mM+ku dh x;h vkSj blesa 42 yk[k ;kf=k;ksa us liQj fd;k vkSj 4]030 yk[k Vu&fdyksehVj
eky dk ifjogu fd;k x;kA
tc ls Hkkjr ljdkj us bf.M;u ,;jykbUl vkSj ,;j bf.M;k dh LFkkiuk dh] ljdkj dk mís'; vkUrfjd ,oa
vUrjkZ"Vªh; ok;qlsuk ij ,dkf/dkj&fu;U=k.k (Monopoly control) dk;e j[kuk FkkA bf.M;u ,;jykbUl esa
vkS|ksfxd lEcU/ cgqr [kjkc jgsA vusd gM+rkyksa us bf.M;u ,;jykbUl dh lapkyu&oqQ'kyrk (Operational
efficiency) vkSj foÙkh; fu"iknu ij nq"izHkko MkykA ok;qnwr ftls LFkkfir djus dk mís'; iks"kd ykbUl
(Feeder lines) pykuk Fkk] Hkh ?kkVs esa py jgh gSA 1990 osQ i'pkr~ ljdkj us futh {ks=k }kjk ,;j VSDlh (Air

Taxi) pykus dh ;kstuk pkyw dhA bl ;kstuk osQ vk/hu Hkkjrh;] vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ;k lkoZtfud m|eksa }kjk
Hkh ijfeV osQ fy, vkosnu fn, tk ldrs gSaA ,;j&VSfDl;ksa dks lHkh vf/Ñr gokbZ vM~Mksa ij VSfDl;k¡ pykus

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