Page 309 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—22% {ks=kh; izn'kZu III% fons'kh O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu

vk;kr dk <k¡pk (Pattern of Imports) uksV
vk;kr dks vEckjh vk;kr (Bulk imports) vkSj xSj&vEckjh vk;kr (Non-bulk imports) esa oxhZÑr fd;k
tkrk gSA vEckjh vk;kr osQ rhu vax gSaμ(i) isVªksfy;e :{k ,oa mRikn] (ii) vEckjh miHkksx oLrq,¡ ftuesa vukt
vkSj nkysa] [kk|&rsy vkSj phuh 'kkfey fd, tkrs gSa vkSj (iii) vU; vEckjh enksa esa moZjd] vykSg èkkrq,¡] dkxt
,oa xÙkk] jcM+] xqn~nk ,oa jn~nh dkxt] [kfut v;Ld ykSg rFkk bLikr 'kkfey dh tkrh gSaA

xSj&vEckjh vk;kr dks Hkh rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k tkrk gSμ(i) iwath oLrq,¡ ftuesa èkkrq,¡] e'khuh vkStkj]
bySfDVªd ,oa xSj&bysfDVªd e'khujh] ifjogu midj.k vkSj izkstSDV oLrq 'kkfey dh tkrh gS_ (ii) eq[;r%
fu;kZr&lEcfUèkr&enksa esa ghjs rFkk dherh iRFkj] dkcZfud ,oa vdkcZfud jlk;u oL=kμlwr ,oa iSQfczDl] dktw
'kkfey fd, tkrs gSa_ (iii) vU; esa IykfLVd dk lkeku] O;kolkf;d ,oa oSKkfud midj.k] dks;yk ,oa dksd]
jlk;u] xSj&èkkrqd [kfut mRikn vkfnA
rkfydk ls irk pyrk gS fd vk;kr esa yxkrkj o`f¼ dh izo`fÙk fo|eku jgh gS ftlosQ fy, vkUrfjd ,oa ckgjh
nksuksa izdkj osQ dkj.krRo mÙkjnk;h jgs gSaA 1970&80 osQ n'kd osQ nkSjku] isVªksfy;e fu;kZr ns'kksa osQ laxBu
(Organisation of Petroleum Exportion Countries—OPEC) }kjk igyh ckj 1973&74 esa vkSj fiQj nksckjk
1979&80 esa dherksa esa rhoz o`f¼ dh xbZA ifj.kker% isVªksfy;e inkFkks± osQ vk;kr esa 1970&80 osQ n'kd esa rst
o`f¼ gqbZ ijUrq bldk izHkko 1980&90 osQ n'kd esa Hkh eglwl fd;k x;kA 1979&80 esa vFkZO;oLFkk esa Hkkjh
lw[kk iM+kA
1980&90 osQ n'kd osQ nkSjku cgqr ls dkj.krRoksa us vk;kr dks c<+kus esa lap;h izHkko MkykA buesa mYys[kuh; gSaμxr
n'kd osQ nkSjku rsy dh dherksa esa o`f¼ osQ ifj.kkeLo:i fons'kh eqnzk dk Hkkjh mRizokg] 1987 osQ lw[ks osQ dkj.k
ns'k esa [kk|kUu dk xEHkhj :i esa vHkko] vFkZO;oLFkk dh c<+rh gqbZ o`f¼ nj osQ dkj.k ek¡x dk ncko vkSj ljdkj
}kjk viukbZ xbZ mnkjhdj.k (Liberalisation) dh uhfrA bu lc dkj.krRoksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i ,d ,slh izfØ;k
xfreku gks xbZ ftlus vFkZO;oLFkk dh vk;kr ij fuHkZjrk c<+k nhA 1970&71 esa tcfd oqQy vk;kr 1]634 djksM+
#i, Fks] ;s c<+dj 1980&81 esa 12]549 djksM+ #i, gks x,A vr% bl n'kd osQ nkSjku vk;kr esa 19-2 izfr'kr dh
ok£"kd o`f¼ gqbZA 1980&90 osQ n'kd nkSjku vkSj fo'ks"kdj 1984&85 osQ i'pkr~ tc izèkkuea=kh jktho xk¡èkh us
mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr dk vuqlj.k fd;k] vk;kr ,dne rsth ls c<+dj 1990&91 esa 43]190 djksM+ #i, osQ Lrj
ij igq¡p x,A 1980&81 vkSj 1990&91 osQ nkSjku vk;kr dh o`f¼ nj 13-1 izfr'kr osQ mPp Lrj ij cuh jghA
2000&01 vkSj 2005&2006 osQ nkSjku vk;kr dh ok£"kd vkSlr o`f¼ nj 22-3 izfr'kr FkhA
rkfydk Hkkjrh; vk;kr dk <k¡pk

ok£"kd pØof¼ nj
djksM+ #i, 1980&811990&91 2000&01
ls ls ls
1980&81 1980&91 1990&91 2000&01 2005&06 1990&91 2000&01 2005&06
I. vEckjh vk;kr 8]739 19]464 95]095 2]68]594 8-6 17-2 23-0
(69-6) (45-1) (41-2) (42-6)
1- iSVªksfy;e&:{k ,oa mRikn 5]267 10]816 (71497) 1]94]640 7-4 20-8 22-0
(42-0) (25-0) (31-0) (30-7)
2- vEckjh miHkksx oLrq,¡ 901 999 6]593 11]870 10-7 20-5 12-5
(7-2) (2-2) (2-8) (1-9)
d- vukt vkSj nkysa 100 673 586 2]501 29-3 & 1-4 33-7
[k- [kk|&rsy 704 326 5]977 8]716 & 33-8 7-9

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