Page 401 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—28% lekukUrj vFkZO;oLFkk

dgk tk ldrk gSA ;g lEHko gS fd lR; dgha MkW- xqIr osQ loksZPp n'ked (10 izfr'kr) vkSj MkW- v#.k oqQekj uksV
osQ loksZPp 34 izfr'kr osQ chp gks ijUrq oLrqfLFkfr ;g gS fd Hkkjr esa Hkkjh dkyh vk; 6% o 8% osQ chp
NksVs&ls oxZ esa fleVh gqbZ gS] tcfd ns'k dh 26% tula[;k xjhch js[kk ls uhps thou ;kiu dj jgh gSA
28-1-4 dkys /u osQ dkj.k (Causes of Black Money)

1- djkjksi.k dk Lrj mQ¡pk gSaA 2- jktuSfrd foÙk

3- vHkko dh vFkZ O;oLFkk 4- Hkz"B O;kikfjd rjhds
5- uSfrd iru 6- eqnzk LiQhfr
7- fucZy mik; 8- vU; dkj.k
dky /u osQ fy, dbZ dkj.k mÙkjnk;h gSa ftuesa ls izeq[k fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- djkjksi.k dk Lrj m¡Qpk gS (High Level of Taxation)μHkkjr esa dkys /u dks mRiUu djus okyk ,d
cgqr cM+k dkj.k djkjksi.k dh m¡Qph njsa gSaA djkjksi.k dh m¡Qph njsa djoapuk rFkk mlosQ ifj.kke dkys
/u dks tUe nsrs gSaA

2- jktuSfrd foÙk (Political Finance)μ,slk fo'okl fd;k tkrk gS fd dkyk /u Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
dh jktuhfr dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk cu pqdk gSA okUpw lfefr (1971) us viuh fjiksVZ esa crk;k gS
fd jktuSfrd ny vkSj pquko iz.kkyh us Hkkjr esa dkys /u dks c<+kus esa dkiQh fgLlk fy;k gSA Jh
isUM~ls (1983) osQ vuqlkj] 1980 esa yksdlHkk pqukoksa esa yxHkx 170 djksM+ #i;s dh dkyh eqnzk [kpZ
gksus dk vuqeku gSA blesa fo/ku lHkkvksa vkSj LFkkuh; laLFkkvksa osQ pquko O;; esa dke vkus okys dkys
/u dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k tk;s rks ;g dbZ lkS djksM+ #i;s gksxhA
3- vHkko dh vFkZO;oLFkk (Deficient Economy)μns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa oLrqvksa dh deh gSA bu
dfe;ksa dks nwj djus osQ fy, forj.k rFkk dherksa ij d.Vªksy vko';d gks tkrk gSA d.Vªksy dk
nq#i;ksx gksrk gS rFkk pksj&cktkjh] equkiQk[kksjh ,oa dj oapu dh cqjkb;k¡ iSnk gks tkrh gSaA bl izfØ;k
ls dkys /u dks tUe feyrk gSA
4- Hkz"V O;kikfjd rjhosQ (Corrupt Commercial Methods)μxqIr deh'ku] ?kwl] ixM+h bR;kfn nsus osQ
fy, dkyk /u gkFk esa jguk vko';d jgrk gSA
5- uSfrd iru (Moral Crisis)μgky osQ o"kks± esa uSfrd ewY;ksa rFkk lkekftd izo`fÙk;ksa esa Hkkjh fxjkoV
vk;h gSA vkt osQ lekt esa dkyk cktkfj;ksa] rLdj O;kikfj;ksa] Hkz"V jktuhfrKksa rFkk djoapdksa dks cqjh
n`f"V ls ugha ns[kk tkrkA okUpw lfefr us viuh fjiksVZ esa crk;k gS fd gekjh turk osQ uSfrd Lrj esa
Hkkjh fxjkoV djoapu dk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkjd gSA Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj HkkbZ&Hkrhtkokn gekjs thou dk
vko';d vax cu x;s gSaA

6- eqnzk&LiQhfr (Inflation)μeqnzk&LiQhfr osQ dkj.k dbZ izdkj ls dkys /u dk l`tu gksrk gS] tSlsμ(v)
eqnzk&LiQhfr osQ dkj.k c¡/h gqbZ vk; ;k fLFkj vk; izkIr djus okys deZpkfj;ksa dh okLrfod vk; esa
deh gks tkrh gSA iQyr% os viuh vk; c<+kus osQ fy, viuh lÙkk dk nq#i;ksx djrs gSa vFkkZr~ ?kw¡l
vkfn ysrs gSa ftlls dkys /u dk l`tu gksrk gSA (c) izxfr'khy vk; vkSj lEifÙk dj iz.kkyh esa
7- fucZy mik; (Weak Measures)μO;ogkj esa djoapu osQ fo#¼ viuk;s x;s mik; detksj jgs gSaA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] (i) ^LFkk;h [kkrk la[;k iz.kkyh* dks iwjh rjg ls ugha viuk;k x;k gSA (ii) i¼fr iw.kZ
losZ{k.k osQ }kjk djksa dh pksjh dk irk ugha yxk;k tkrkA (iii) vk;dj foHkkx esa] foxr nks n'kdksa esa
iz'kklu osQ fupys Lrj ij Hkz"Vkpkj] ukVdh; :i ls c<+ x;k gSA (iv) dj dkuwuksa dks izHkko'kkyh <ax
ls ykxw ugha fd;k x;k gSA

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