Page 53 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—3% X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk

csjkstxkjh dh leL;k uksV
11oha ;kstuk esa Je'kfDr esa 6-5 djksM+ dh o`f¼ uoizos'kdksa osQ :i esa gksxhA ;fn blesa 3-5 djksM+ vof'k"V
csjkstxkj tksM+ fy, tk,a] rks ;kstuk osQ nkSjku 10 djksM+ u;h ukSdfj;ka dk;e djus dh vko';drk gSA ;kstuk
esa 6-5 djksM+ u;h ukSdfj;ka dk;e dh tk,axhA ifj.kker% 11oha ;kstuk osQ vUr esa 3-5 djksM+ O;fDr csjkstxkj
jgsaxsA bu izdkj csjkstxkjksa dh la[;k ;kstuk osQ vUr ij mruh gh jgsxh ftruh ;kstuk osQ vkjEHk esa FkhA
csjkstxkjh esa deh nks dkj.krRoksa ij fuHkZj gSμÑf"k dh o`f¼ nj dks c<+kdj 4 izfr'kr djuk vkSj NksVs rFkk
eè;e Lrj osQ m|eksa esa jkstxkj&{kerk c<+kukA vk;kstdksa dks laxfBr {ks=k ls dksbZ mEehn ugha fd og vfèkd
jkstxkj miyCèk djk,xkA tgka Ñf"k esa fodkl&y{; dkiQh egRokdka{kh gS pwafd bls ;kstukdky esa 10oha
;kstuk esa izkIr o`f¼ osQ nqxqus ls Hkh vfèkd c<+kuk gS] ;g laHko gS fd Ñf"k esa jkstxkj dh o`f¼ izR;k'kk
ls de jgsA blosQ lkFk] tgka m|ksx esa] 11oha ;kstuk leL;k dh igpku rks djrh gS] fdUrq NksVs rFkk eè;e
m|eksa dks etcwr cukus osQ fy, Bksl j.kuhfr dk lq>ko ugha nsrhA c;kuckth osQ lkFk uhfr lEcUèkh vkyEcu
dk vHkko gSA
X;kjgoha ;kstuk dk fn'kk funsZ'k i=k jkstxkj voljksa ij dk;Zny (Task Force on Employment

Opportunities) dh fjiksVZ (2001) dk u;s :i esa izLrqfrdj.k gS ftlosQ vè;{k MkW- eksaVsd ¯lg
vkgywokfy;k Fks] tks rc ;kstuk vk;ksx osQ lnL; Fks vkSj vc ;kstuk vk;ksx osQ mikè;{k gSaA dk;Zny osQ
eq[; lq>ko Fks_ Ñf"k {ks=k esa futh {ks=k osQ fuos'k dks c<+kok nsuk] lefUor Ñf"k&dkeIySDlksa (Integrated
agricultural complexes) vkSj iwQM ikdks± (Food parks) osQ fodkl osQ fy, fuxe {ks=k dk iz;ksx djuk]
ifrr ,oa O;FkZ Hkwfe;kas osQ fodkl osQ fy, Ñf"k&dEifu;ksa dks BsosQ nsuk] [kk| lalkèku m|ksxksa (Food
processing industries) osQ fy, cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa dk lgkjk ysuk] fuekZ.k] iqQVdj O;kikj] lM+d fuekZ.k
vkfn esa cM+h iQeks± dk iz;ksx djkukA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd jkstxkjtuu dh iwjh ftEesnkjh
fuxe {ks=k dks lkSai nh tkuh pkfg,A bl izfØ;k dks lqfoèkktud cukus osQ fy, vxys pkj o"kks± esa y?kq
m|ksxksa dk iw.kZ vukj{k.k (Dereservation) vkSj vkS|ksfxd fookn dkuwu esa la'kks/u dj Je&vfèkfu;eksa esa
lqèkkj djuk pkfg, rkfd fu;kstdksa dks Jfedksa dks ukSdjh ij j[kus vkSj mUgsa c[kkZLr djus dk csjksd&Vksd
vfèkdkj izkIr gks losQA bl fjiksVZ dks Je&fojksèkh le>k x;k vkSj uhfr&fuèkkZjdksa us ;g ckr Lohdkj dh
fd bldh vfèkdrj fliQkfj'ksa jkstxkj dks lhfer djus okyh gSa] u fd bldk foLrkj djus okyhA pkgs ;kstuk
vk;ksx us vkSipkfjd :i esa bl fjiksVZ dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k ijUrq bls pqipki niQuk fn;k vkSj 5 flrEcj
2001 dks MkW- ,l- ih- xqIr] lnL; ;kstuk vk;ksx dh vè;{krk esa ,d fo'ks"k&ny (Special Group) LFkkfir
dj fn;k ftldks 100 yk[k jkstxkj izfr o"kZ dk;e djus osQ y{; gsrq fliQkfj'ksa djus dk dk;Z lkSaik x;kA

MkW- ,l-ih- xqIr dh vè;{krk esa LFkkfir fo'ks"k&ny us ;g rF; mtkxj fd;k fd pwafd oqQy Je&'kfDr dk
93 izfr'kr vlaxfBr {ks=k (Unorganized sector) esa jkstxkj izkIr gS] blfy, vlaxfBr {ks=k dh mRikfnrk ,oa
ukSdjh dh xq.koÙkk (Quality of employment) mUufr djus osQ fy, lHkh iz;kl fd, tkus pkfg,A vlaxfBr
{ks=k osQ fodkl ij vfèkd cy nsuk pkfg,] bldh vis{kk fd Je dk iwath ls izfrLFkkiu fd;k tk,A fo'ks"k
ny us ;g laosQr fn;k fd laxfBr {ks=k dk oqQy jkstxkj esa Hkkx 7 izfr'kr gS vkSj futh {ks=k dk Hkkx osQoy
2-5 izfr'kr gS lkoZtfud {ks=k rks igys gh vius vfrfjDr Je dks de dj jgk gSA ;fn futh {ks=k dks
Je&dkuwu osQ la'kksèku }kjk Je jkstxkj ij j[kus vkSj gVkus dh NwV ns nh tkrh gS] rks bldk iQkSjh ifj.kke
vfrfjDr jkstxkj dk;e djus dh vis{kk jkstxkj ls gVkus osQ :i esa vfèkd O;Dr gksxkA vUrjkZ"Vªh; vuqHko dks
è;ku esa j[krs gq, vkSj gekjs ns'k dh Hkkjh t:jr dh n`f"V ls] fo'ks"k ny us ;g urhtk fudkyk fd NksVs ,oa
eè;e m|ksxksa dk cM+s m|ksxksa osQ lkFk osQoy lg&vfLrRo gh ugha cuk jguk pkfg, cfYd mUgsa fodkl vkSj
jkstxkj osQ eq[; lgHkkfx;ksa dk dk;ZHkkx vnk djuk gksxkA fdUrq 11oha ;kstuk esa NksVs Lrj osQ m|eksa esa iw.kZ
vukj{k.k (Dereservation) djus dh fliQkfj'k dh gS vkSj bl izdkj 326 enksa ij miyCèk vkj{k.k Hkh lekIr

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