Page 60 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV (i) lkoZtfud {ks=k dks vfèkd izkFkfedrkA
(ii) futh {ks=k ds dk;ks± ij fu;a=k.kA
(iii) lkoZtfud {ks=k esa viQlj'kkgh (Bureaucracy) vkSj yky&iQhrk'kkgh (Red Tapism)A

(iv) twu 1991 rd vkfFkZd ladV dh 'kq:vkrA
(v) fons'kh fofue; esa dehA

(vi) u, fons'kh Í.k dh vuqiyCèkrkA
(vii) xSj&fuokfl;ksa (Non-Resident) }kjk vius [kkrksa dks can djukA
(viii) USSR ds fc[kjko (Disintegration) vkSj VwVus dk cqjk vljA
(ix) jktdks"kh; ?kkVs esa o`f¼A

(x) Hkqxrku larqyu ?kkVs esa o`f¼
(xi) fons'kh fofue; dks"k esa Hkkjh fxjkoVA

vkfFkZd uhfr dh vko';drk
1- jktdks"kh; ?kkVk (Fiscal Deficit)μ;|fi geus fu;ksftr fodklkRed vFkZO;oLFkk dks viuk;k gS
ysfdu gekjs xSj fodklkRed O;; dqy O;; ds cgqr vfèkd vuqikr esa gSaA jktdks"kh; ?kkVk tks
1981&82 esa GDP dk 5-4% Fkk 1991 esa GDP dk 8-4% rd c<+ x;kA bl ?kkVs dks iwjk djus ds fy,
ljdkj Hkkjh Í.k ysrh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i Í.k vkSj C;kt dh vnk;xh c<+rh tkrh gSA jk"Vªh; Í.k ij
C;kt tks dqy ljdkjh O;; dk 1980&81 esa 10% Fkk 1991 esa c<+dj 36% gks x;kA ml voLFkk esa
gekjh vFkZO;oLFkk dtksZ ds tky esa iQ¡lh FkhA varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk iQaM tSls IMF us gekjh vkfFkZd iz.kkyh
ls viuk fo'okl [kks fn;kA bl rjg dh fLFkfr us ljdkj dks ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr cukus ds fy, foo'k
fd;k ftlls xSj fodklkRed O;; dks jksddj Í.kksa ds tky ls cpk tk ldsA

jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ls gekjk vFkZ vuqekfur O;; dk vuqekfur jktLo ls vfèkd gksuk gSA ,sls esa
vuqekfur O;; dh vuqekfur jktLo ij vfèkdrk gksrh gSA

2- izfrdwy Hkqxrku 'ks"k (Unfavourable Balance of Payment)μHkqxrku larqyu] tks gesa fons'kksa dks
Hkqxrku djuk gS vkSj tks gesa fons'kksa ls izkIr djuk gS mlds chp dk varj gSA izfrdwy Hkqxrku larqyu
dh fLFkfr esa gesa izkIr djus ls vfèkd Hkqxrku djuk iM+rk gSA gekjk Hkqxrku larqyu ?kkVk tks 1980&81
esa 2]214 djksM+ ls 1990&91 esa c<+dj 17]367 djksM+ gks x;kA bls iwjk djus ds fy, ljdkj ds ikl
ckgjh Í.kksa ij fuHkZj gksus ds vykok dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA ifj.kkeLo:i gekjs fons'kh Í.k tks gekjs GDP
ds 12% Fks 1990&91 esa c<+dj 25% gks x,A ;g fLFkfr vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, ?kkrd fl¼ gqbZA bl izdkj
ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr dh vko';drk izfrdwy Hkqxrku larqyu dks de djus ds fy, eglwl dh xbZA
3- fons'kh fofue; dks"k esa deh (Reduction in Foreign Exchange Reserve)μc<+s gq, jktdks"kh; ?kkVs
vkSj izfrdwy Hkqxrku larqyu ds dkj.k fons'kh fofue; dks"k esa deh vkbZA 1990&91 esa ;g fLFkfr bruh
[kjkc gks xbZ fd ge yksx 10 fnuksa rd fons'kh vk;kr fcyksa dk Hkqxrku ugha dj ik,A ;g ladV bl
dnj c<+k fd paæ'ks[kj ljdkj us ns'k ds fjtoZ dks"k ls Lo.kZ dks"k fxjoh j[kk ftlls og Í.k dh
vnk;xh ds fy, Í.k izkIr dj ldsaA bl ladV us ljdkj ij varjkZ"Vªh; :i ls ncko Mkyk fd og
mnkjhdj.k rFkk futhdj.k dh ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr ykxw djsA

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