Page 61 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ&4% Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd lq/kjμ1991

4- dherksa esa o`f¼ (Increase in Prices)μ1951&91 ds dky ds nkSjku vFkZO;oLFkk esa LiQhfrdkjh ncko uksV
eglwl fd, x,A Ñf"k vkSj vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh nj dks c<+kus ds fy, ljdkj vR;fèkd O;; djus
yxhA lkekftd dY;k.k dks ns[krs gq, Hkh gekjs O;; c<+ x,A xSj fodklkRed O;; Hkh vfèkd FksA
mRiknu vkSj O;; esa rkyesy dHkh Hkh ugha cSB ldkA ifj.kkeLo:i oLrqvksa dh dhersa c<+rh jghaA bl
lc us ljdkj ij ncko Mkyk fd og vius O;;ksa dks fu;af=kr djsA blfy, vFkZO;oLFkk esa ubZ vkfFkZd
uhfr dh t:jr gqbZ ftls tqykbZ 1991 esa ykxw fd;k x;kA
5- [kkM+h ladV (Gulf Crises)μ1990&91 ds nkSjku bjkd dh yM+kbZ py jgh FkhA blus vjc ns'k dks ;q¼
esa 'kkfey fd;k] ftlls isVªksy dk ladV mRiUu gks x;kA isVªksy dh dhersa varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj esa c<+ xbZA
bl ladV ls [kkM+h ns'kksa ij gekjs }kjk fd, tkus okys fu;kZr ij Hkh cqjk vlj iM+kA iQyLo:i gekjs
Hkqxrku larqyu dh fLFkfr fcxM+us yxhA
6- lkoZtfud {ks=k dh vdq'kyrk (Inefficiency of Public Sector)μ40 o"kks± ds ckn geus ;s vuqHko
fd;k gS fd lkoZtfud {ks=k esa Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj lalkèkuksa dh cckZnh gqbZ gSA lkoZtfud {ks=k esa 1100 djksM+
#i;ksa dk fuos'k djus ds ckn gesa blls dsoy 3% dk ykHk feykA vr% ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr] lkoZtfud
{ks=k dh l{kerk vkSj nwljh bdkb;ksa ds dk;Z djus ds <ax esa lqèkkj ykus dk iz;kl gSA
vkfFkZd lqèkkj (ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr) dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Main Features of Economic Reforms)
(New Economic Policy)

1- vFkZO;oLFkk dk mnkjhdj.k (Liberalisation of Economy)&mnkjhdj.k dk vFkZ vuko';d O;kikj
izfrcaèkksa dks gVkdj vFkZO;oLFkk dks izfr;ksxh cukuk gSA ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr us futh {ks=k ls vfèkd fu;a=k.k
vkSj ykblsaflax dks gVkdj vFkZO;oLFkk dks vfèkd mnkj cuk;kA ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr us mnkjhdj.k ds
fuEufyf[kr mik; izLrqr fd, gSaμ

(i) ykblsaflax ls m|ksxksa dks NqVdkjk (Exemption of Industries from Licensing)μljdkj us
lHkh m|ksxksa dks ykblsal ls NqVdkjk (exemption) iznku djk fn;kA vktdy dksbZ Hkh O;kikjh
fcuk fdlh izfrcaèk ds viuh daiuh cuk ldrk gSA
(ii) m|ksxksa dk foLrkj (Expansion of Industries)μvktdy m|ksx cktkj dh t:jr ds vuqlkj
viuk foLrkj dj ldrs gSA ;gk¡ rd fd ljdkj dh vuqefr dh Hkh t:jr ugha gksrhA
(iii) mRiknu dh Lora=krk (Freedom of Production)μubZ vkfFkZd uhfr ds vuqlkj mRiknu viuh
ethZ dh oLrq dk mRiknu dj ldrs gSaA

(iv) MRTP dh èkkj.kk ls nwj tkuk (Going Away with the Concept of MRTP)μvc MRTP
daifu;k¡ ugha gSaA daifu;k¡ vc vius fuos'k fu.kZ; vkSj O;; ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡ [kqn cuk ldrh gSaA
(v) y?kq m|ksxksa dh fuos'k lhek dks c<+kuk (Extending Investment Limit of Small Industries)μubZ
vkfFkZd uhfr ds vuqlkj y?kq m|ksxksa dh fuos'k lhek dks c<+kdj 1 djksM+ dj fn;k tk; ftlls
os vius m|ksx dks vkèkqfud dj ldsA
(vi) fons'kksa ls dPps eky vkSj e'khujh dk eqDr vk;kr (Free Import of Machinery and Raw

Material from Abroad)μvc daifu;k¡ t:jh fons'kh phtksa dks [kqys cktkj ls [kjhn ldrh gSaA
blds fy, ljdkj ls vuqefr ysus dh dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA ;s mnkj uhfr cktkj esa izfr;ksfxrk
dks iSnk djrh gS ftlls dq'kyrk esa c<+ksÙkjh gksrh gSA

2- vFkZO;oLFkk dk futhdj.k (Privatisation of the Economy)μfuthdj.k ls gekjk vfHkizk; futh

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 55