Page 113 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—8% iz'kqYd] vH;a'k ,oa xSj iz'kqYd ck/k,¡ % ifjHkk"kk ,oa izdkj

(2) ,di{kh; vH;a'k (Unilateral Quota), uksV
(3) f}i{kh; vH;a'k (Bi-Lateral Quota),
(4) fefJr vH;a'k (Mixed Quota),

(5) vk;kr ykblsal iz.kkyh (Import Licensing System)A
vc budk foLrkj ls foospu fd;k tk,xkμ

(1) iz'kqYd vH;a'kμblosQ vUrxZr vk;kr dh ,d fuf'pr ek=kk fcuk djosQ vFkok de djksa ij ns'k esa vkus
dh vuqefr nh tkrh gS] ijUrq ;fn bl ek=kk ls vf/d vk;kr fd;k tkrk gS rks mldk vk;kr] djksa dh Å¡ph
nj ij gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj iz'kqYd vH;a'k esa] iz'kqYd vkSj vk;kr vH;a'k nksuksa dk lekos'k gSA
;g laj{k.k dh ,d iqjkuh fof/ gS ftldk foLr`r iz;ksx 1850 osQ ckn fd;k x;kA

iz'kqYd vH;a'k dk eq[; ykHk ;g gS fd ;g ykspnkj gksrk gS] ijUrq blosQ eq[; nks nks"k Hkh gSa tks bl izdkj
gSaμ
(i) tc de njksa ij vk;kr dh ek=kk lekIr gks tkrh gS] rks de njksa ls lEiw.kZ ykHk mu fons'kh iQeks± dks
gksrs gSa tks vk;kr vH;a'k okys ns'k dks fu;kZr djrh gSaA
(ii) dksVk dh U;wure izkjfEHkd njksa ij cgqr tYnh vk;kr fd;s tkrs gSa ftlls dherksa esa Hkkjh mPpkopu
gksrs gSaA
mDr nks"kksa osQ dkj.k iz'kqYd&vH;a'kksa dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrkA

(2) ,di{kh; vH;a'kμ,di{kh; vk;kr vH;a'k osQ vUrxZr ,d fo'ks"k ns'k] ,d fuf'pr le; esa vk;kr
dh tkus okyh oLrqvksa dh fujis{k ek=kk fuf'pr dj nsrk gSA bl lEcU/ esa fons'kh ljdkjksa osQ lkFk dksbZ iwoZ
le>kSrk ugha fd;k tkrkA ;g fuf'pr vH;a'k ;k rks fo'oO;kih (Global) gks ldrk gS vFkok vkoafVr
(Allocated)] ftldh O;k[;k bl izdkj gSμ
(I) fo'oO;kih vk;kr vH;a'k og gS ftlosQ vUrxZr fu/kZfjr ek=kk fo'o osQ fdlh Hkh ns'k ls vk;kr
dh tk ldrh gSA
vk;kr vH;a'k osQ :i esa fo'oO;kih vH;a'k liQy ugha gqvk gS] blosQ izeq[k fuEufyf[kr pkj dkj.k gSaμ

(i) bl iz.kkyh esa vk;kr djus okyh cM+h iQeks± dks izkFkfedrk nh tkrh gS tks vYilwpuk ij cM+h
ek=kk esa vk;krksa osQ vkMZj ns ldrs gSaA bl izdkj NksVs vk;krdrkZvksa dh vogsyuk dh tkrh gSA
(ii) tSls gh vk;krksa dh vuqefr dh ?kks"k.kk dh tkrh gS] vkl&ikl osQ ns'kksa ls iQkSju vk;kr dj fy;k
tkrk gS rFkk nwj osQ ns'kksa dks volj ugha feyrkA
(iii) fo'oO;kih vH;a'k dk ,d nks"k ;g Hkh gS fd blesa vk;krdrkZvksa esa vk;kr dh gksM+ yx tkrh
gS ftlls ?kjsyw cktkj esa Hkkjh ek=kk esa iwfrZ gks tkrh gS vkSj dherksa esa mPpkopu gksrk gSA
(iv) vk;krksa dh gksM+ esa dHkh&dHkh ;g Hkh gksrk gS fd fuf'pr ek=kk ls vf/d vk;kr gks tkrk gSA
blls dbZ leL;kvksa dk tUe gqvk gS_ tSls tqekZus dh O;oLFkk] oLrq laxzg dh ykxr ,oa
dHkh&dHkh vk;kfrr oLrqvksa dh fu;kZrd ns'kksa dks okilhA

vk;kr vH;a'k voqQ'ky ?kjsyw mRikndksa dks u osQoy fons'kh mRikndksa ls laj{k.k nsrs gSa oju~ vius
gh ns'k osQ oqQ'ky mRikndksa ls Hkh laj{k.k nsrs gSaA

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