Page 119 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—8% iz'kqYd] vH;a'k ,oa xSj iz'kqYd ck/k,¡ % ifjHkk"kk ,oa izdkj

vk£Fkd vfrjsd dh oqQy gkfu {ks=k Z + a + R + b gS tks fd uksV
iz'kqYd vFkok vk;kr dksVk osQ cjkcj gS {ks=k Z ?kjsyw
S d
miHkksDrkvksa ls mRikndksa dks pyk tkrk gSA {ks=k a rFkk b S v
izfrfuf/Ro djus okys nks f=kHkqt oqQy jk"Vªh; gkfu gSA {ks=k
P
R ml jktLo dk izrhd gS tks fu;kZrd ns'k osQ iw£rdrkZvksa v
dher Z a R b
dks VER ls feyrk gS tks vk;krd ns'k dh ljdkj dh P w
gkfu gS rFkk mldh 'kq¼ dY;k.k gkfu gSA VER dk
vk;krd ns'k ij ,d vU; izHkko ;g iM+rk gS fd mldh D d
O;kikj dh 'krs± fu;kZrd ns'k dh rqyuk esa lq/kj dh ctk;
O M M M M
mUgsa vkSj [kjkc djrh gSaA ,slk blfy, fd ;g fu;kZrd 1 2 3
ek=kk
ns'k dh oLrq dh de fo'o dher dh ctk; mldh mPp
fp=k 8-2
?kjsyw dher nsrk gSA
;gh ugha VERs i{kikrh gksrh gSa] D;ksafd ;s le>kSrs U;wure ykxr fu;kZrdksa osQ lkFk j[ks tkrs gSa] ijUrq os mPp
ykxr fu;kZrdksa ls vk;kr dh vksj ys tk ldrs gSa ftlls vk;krd ns'k dk vk;kr fcy c<+k ldrs gSaA
fu;kZrd ns'k ij izHkko (Effects on Exporting Country)μtgk¡ rd fu;kZrd ns'k ij VER osQ izHkkoksa dk
iz'u gS mls vfrfjDr ykHk (fdjk;k) dk iQk;nk rFkk O;kikj dh 'krks± esa lq/kj feyrk gSA vr% og vk;krd
ns'k }kjk cjkcj dk iz'kqYd vFkok vk;kr dksVk ykxw djokus dh txg VER dks izkFkfedrk nsxkA pw¡fd VERs

LFkk;h ugha gS] blfy, fu;kZrd ns'k ckn esa buesa NwV fn, tkus vFkok gVk fy, tkus osQ fy, vk;krd ns'k ij
ncko Mky ldrk gSA bl izdkj ;g vk;krd ns'kksa dks LFkk;h iz'kqYd vFkok dksVk osQ fy, euk dj ldrk gSA
tc rd VER fu;kZrksa dks jksdrh gS tks fu;kZrdksa osQ ikl vf/'ks"k (surplus) mRiknu gksrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i]
fu;kZr ;ksX; oLrqvksa dh dher fxj tkrh gS vkSj vk; esa deh rFkk gkfu gksrh gSA blosQ dkj.k lalk/u vU;
mRiknd m|ksxksa dh vksj tk ldrs gSaA ;fn fdlh ,d dkVsZy vFkok VER ls ca/s fu;kZrd fdlh cM+s m|ksx
ls lEcfU/r gSa rks Hkh VER fdlh u, cktkj dh [kkst rd fu;kZr dks de djsxhA mlls iqu% lalk/uksa dk iqu%
vko.Vu rFkk gkfu gks ldrh gSA bl izdkj VER ls fu;kZrd ns'k dks oqQy feykdj vk£Fkd gkfu dk lkeuk
djuk iM+ ldrk gSA
4- rduhdh ck/k,¡ (Technical Barriers): vk;krd ns'k dHkh&dHkh xSj&vk£Fkd izÑfr dh rduhdh O;kikj
ck/kvksa dks vaxhdkj dj vius ns'k esa vk;kr dh ek=kk dks ?kVkus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA rduhdh ck/k,¡ dbZ rjg
dh gksrh gSa tks vk;kr dks izfrcfU/r djrh gSaA rduhdh ck/kvksa esa LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk fofu;e] LoPNrk
fofu;e] vkS|ksfxd ekud] ysc¯yx rFkk iSosQftax fofu;e] vkfn vkrs gSaA ;s fofu;e fons'kh vkiw£rdrkZvksa ij
muosQ eky dk vk;kr cuk, j[kus osQ fy, vfrfjDr ykxrksa dk Hkkj Mky nsrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] vesfjdk
esa fons'kh dkj fuekZrkvksa dks ogk¡ mRiknu osQ fy, vesfjdh lqj{kk ,oa /qvka fudklh fu;U=k.k fu;eksa dk ikyu
djuk vko';d gksrk gSA ;g ckrsa LokLF; LVS.MMZ osQ lEcU/ esa ykxw dh tk ldrh gSaA [kk| oLrqvksa osQ
vk;krdksa dks fo'ks"k xq.koÙkk] iSosQ¯tx rFkk LVS.MMZ dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

5- vk;kr ykblsfUlax izfØ;k,¡ (Import Licensing Procedures): cgqr ls ns'k vius ns'k esa vk;kr dks
izfrcfU/r djus osQ fy, tfVy rFkk eg¡xh vk;kr ykblsfUlax izfØ;kvksa dks viukrs gSaA vk;kr ykblsUl izk;%
Å¡ph cksyh yxkus okyksa dks fn, tkrs gSaA vU; ekeyksa esa vk;krdrkZvksa dks vk;kr ykblsUl izkIr djus osQ fy,
,d Hkkjh /ujkf'k ljdkj osQ ikl tek djuh iM+rh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] oqQN iz'kklfud vM+puksa dk lkeuk
Hkh vk;krdrkZvksa dks djuk iM+rk gS] ;Fkkμvk;krdrkZvksa dks ijfeV izkIr djus osQ fy, yEcs&yEcs iQkeZ Hkjus
iM+rs gSa] dk;kZy;ksa dk ckj&ckj pDdj yxkuk iM+rk gS rFkk lhek 'kqYd foHkkx ls eky NqM+kus ls rjg&rjg dh
vM+pusa lkeus vkrh gSaA ;g izfØ;k,¡ iz'kqYd dh rjg gh vk;kr esa #dkoV mRiUu djrh gSaA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 113