Page 293 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—27% fo'o O;kikj laxBu@xSV osQ dk;Z

vkSj U;wure&fodflr ns'kksa dks 11 o"kZ dk laØe.kdky nsrk gSA ftu fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa oLrq isVsaV laj{k.k uksV
ugha gS mUgsa 10 o"kZ fn, x, gSaA
le>kSrs dk ;g Hkh funsZ'k gS fd ,d ¶ckSf¼d lEifÙk vfèkdkjksa osQ O;kikj lacaèkh igyqvksa dh dkmfUly¸
(Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) dh LFkkiuk dh tk,xh tks bl
le>kSrs osQ dk;kZUo;u dk rFkk ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa }kjk blosQ ikyu dks ekfuVj djsxhA
4- >xM+k fuiVku iz.kkyh (Dispute Settlement System)

WTO osQ LFkkiu le>kSrs osQ izkoèkkuksa osQ vUrxZr lnL; ns'kksa osQ vfèkdkj vkSj dÙkZO; lacafèkr vfèkdkjksa osQ fy,
fopkj foe'kZ vkSj >xM+s osQ fuiVku dk izkoèkku >xM+k fuiVku fuèkkZj.k fu;eksa vkSj iz.kkfy;ksa osQ le>kSrs esa fd;k
x;k gSA blosQ fy, ,d >xM+k fuiVku laLFkk (Dispute Settlement Body—DSB) LFkkfir dh xbZ gSA >xM+k
fuiVku dk igyk pj.k lacafèkr lnL;ksa osQ eè; fopkj&foe'kZ gSaA ;fn ;g okrkZ liQy u gks rks WTO dk MkbjsDVj
tujy eè;LFkrk vkSj lekèkku osQ fy, viuh lsok,a v£ir djrk gSA f'kdk;rh lnL; DSB ls 30 fnu osQ Hkhrj
3 fo'ks"kKksa dh uke lwph osQ fy, izkFkZuk dj ldrk gSA ;g Hkh foèkku gS fd DSB }kjk euksuhr ,d 7 lnL;ksa
dh vihy lfefr mldk iqujkoyksdu djosQ DSB dks 60 ls 90 fnu osQ Hkhrj viuh fjiksVZ le£ir djsxhA DSB

bl fjiksVZ dks 30 fnu osQ Hkhrj vuqeksfnr djsxh vkSj ;g fcuk 'krZ nksuksa i{kksa dks ekU; gksxhA
5- cgqik£'od O;kikj le>kSrs (Plurilateral Trade Agreements—PTA)

cgqik£'od O;kikj le>kSrksa esa 'kkfey gSaμukxfjd foekuu O;kikj le>kSrk] ljdkjh [kjhn dk le>kSrk]
vUrjkZ"Vªh; nqXèkksRiknu le>kSrk rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; xksekal le>kSrkA buesa igyk le>kSrk tsusok esa vizSy] 1979 esa
gqvk tks ckn esa la'kksfèkr] ifjo£¼r vkSj Bhd fd;k x;kA vafre rhu le>kSrs ekjkosQ'k esa 15 vizSy] 1994 dks
gq, FksA
6- O;kikj&uhfr iqujkoyksdu ra=k (Trade Policy Review Mechanism—TPRM)

;g cgqi{kh; O;kikj ra=k osQ lqpk: :i ls pyus osQ fy, cgqi{kh; vkSj vusd i{kh; O;kikj le>kSrksa osQ varxZr
O;kikj uhfr;ksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa dk iqujkoyksdu djrk gSA bl mís'; osQ fy, ;g O;kikj uhfr iqujkoyksdu laLFkk
(Trade Policy Review Body—TPRB) osQ LFkkiu dk laosQr nsrk gSA iw.kZ ikjn£'krk izkIr djus osQ fy, izR;sd
lnL; TPRM dks fujarj vius }kjk tkjh O;kikj uhfr;ksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa dh fjiksVZ nsrk jgsxkA TPRB cgqi{kh; O;kikj
ra=k ij izHkko'khy varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikjh; okrkoj.k esa orZeku izo`fÙk;ksa dk ok£"kd vfr&fujh{k.k djsxkA
MkbjsDVj tujy }kjk le£ir ok£"kd fjiksVZ bl vfr&fujh{k.k esa lgk;d gksxh] tks WTO osQ eq[; dk;ks± dh O;k[;k
djsxh vkSj cgqi{kh; O;kikj ra=k ij izHkko Mkyus okys uhfr fo"k;ksa ij fo'ks"k izdk'k MkysxhA

m#xos nkSj vkSj fo'o O;kikj le>kSrs dk vkykspukRed ewY;kadu (Critical Appraisal of
Uruguay Round and WTO Agreement)
m#xos nkSj vuqcafèkr ns'kksa }kjk 8 yEcs o"kks± dh okrkZvksa dk ifj.kke FkkA bu okrkZvksa osQ iQyLo:i vafre ,Dl
osQ oSèkkfud izys[kksa esa 28 le>kSrksa dk lekos'k gSA

igys nkSjksa dh vis{kk m#xos nkSj dk {ks=k vkSj foLrkj vfèkd cM+k FkkA blesa lsok,a] Ñf"k vkSj ckSf¼d vfèkdkj
vkSj fuos'kksa dks izFke ckj 'kkfey fd;k x;kA blesa WTO }kjk O;kikj uhfr;ksa] i;kZoj.k uhfr;ksa vkSj lrrh;
(Sustainable) fodkl esa lacaèk ij Hkh cy fn;k x;kA m#xos nkSj dh ,d peRdkfjd miyfCèk FkhμxSV osQ
fopkj&foe'kZ eap osQ LFkku ij WTO dk ,d LFkk;h fo'o&O;kikj laxBu osQ :i esa LFkkiuA m#xos nkSj esa osQoy
bl nkSj }kjk la'kksfèkr ewy xSV gh ugha Fkk] oju~ mijo£.kr dbZ u, le>kSrs Hkh FksA ;g le>kSrs laHkor% fodkl'khy
ns'kksa rFkk vYi fodflr ns'kksa dks nh?kZdkyhu ykHk nsaxs] c'krsZ fd mUgsa fodflr ns'kksa ls muosQ fo'oO;kihdj.k esa

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