Page 291 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—27% fo'o O;kikj laxBu@xSV osQ dk;Z

ftldk 5 o"kZ osQ i'pkr~ iqujkoyksdu fd;k tk,xkA bldh lhek lkèkkj.kr% 10 o"kZ dh gksxhA ;g ikjn£'krk ij uksV
cy nsrk gS] ftlesa lsokvksa osQ O;kikj lacaèkh dkuwu fu;euksa dk izdk'ku lfEefyr gSA lsokvksa osQ O;kikj lEcUèkh
varjkZ"Vªh; Hkqxrku vkSj gLrkarj.k esa #dkoV ugha Mkyh tk;xh] flok; Hkqxrku 'ks"k dh dfBukb;ksa osQ tgka ,slh
#dkoVsa vLFkk;h] lhfer vkSj oqQN 'krks± osQ vUrxZr gksaxhA lsokvksa esa O;kikj dk mnkjhdj.k mÙkjksÙkj (progressive)

gksxkA lsokvksa osQ O;kikj esa izfrowQy izHkkoksa dh dVkSrh vFkok furkUr lekfIr rFkk ljdkjksa }kjk fof'k"V
opuc¼rkvksa osQ lkekU; Lrj dks Åapk djuk] ;s lc izfr 5 o"kZ osQ varjky esa okrkZvksa osQ }kjk fd;k tk,xkA

bl le>kSrs esa [kkl {ks=kksa ls lacafèkr fo'ks"k 'krs± Hkh nh xbZ gSaA tgka rd ns'kh (natural) euq";ksa osQ vkokxeu dk
lacaèk gS] blosQ vuqlkj ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa dks vuqefr gS fd viuh lsok,a nsus osQ fy, mudh vLFkk;h fuokl lacaèkh
fo'ks"k opuc¼rkvksa osQ fy, ijLij ckrphr djsaA ;g mu euq";ksa ij ykxw ugha gksxk tks LFkk;h fuokl vFkok ukSdjh
osQ bPNqd gksaA
foÙkh; lsokvksa osQ lacaèk esa ;g ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa dks vfèkdkj nsrk gS fd fuos'kdksa] tekdrkZvksa vkSj ikfylhμèkkjdksa
osQ fy, mfpr mik; djsa vkSj vk£Fkd iz.kkyh dh v[k.Mrk vkSj fLFkjrk dks lqfuf'pr djsaA ;s WTO osQ izHkkoh
gksus osQ 6 ekl i'pkr~ ykxw gq,A
nwjlapkj osQ {ks=k esa ;g ns'kksa dks funsZ'k nsrk gS fd os nwj&lapkj ogu ra=kksa dk LFkkiu] fuekZ.k] vfèkxzg.k] iV~Vs ij
nsuk] lapkyu ;k iw£r lqfuf'pr djsa vkSj turk dks miyCèk djk,aA rFkkfi ,d fodkl'khy ns'k vius ?kjsyw nwjlapkj
<kaps vkSj lsokvksa dh vkSj lsok&lhekvksa dh iq"Vrk] rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; nwjlapkj la?k (International Tele-
communication Union) vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; ekudhdj.k laxBu (International Organisation for
Standardisation) osQ lg;ksx ls nwjlapkj lsokvksa osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa lg;ksx dh o`f¼ osQ fy, mik; djsA
xSV~l foekuksa dh ejEer vkSj j[k&j[kko lsokvksa] ok;q ;krk;kr lsokvksa dk foi.ku vkSj dEI;wVj vkj{k.k lsokvksa
ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA
O;kolkf;d lsokvksa osQ {ks=k esa ns'kksa dh ljdkjsa lapkyu&nyksa dh fu;qfDr osQ fy, Hkh rRij gks xbZ gSa tks ;s dk;Z
djsaxsμ(1) lsokvksa esa O;kikj vkSj i;kZoj.k osQ chp lacaèkksa dk ijh{k.k] fjiksVZ vkSj laLrqfr;ka (recommendations)

ftuesa nh?kZdkyhu fodkl dh leL;k Hkh 'kkfey gSA (2) O;kolkf;d lsokvksa ij vko';d f'k{kk dh 'kk[kkvksa
ij laLrqfr;ksa osQ lkFk ijh{k.k vkSj fjiksVz djukA ,slk lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, fd O;kolkf;d lsokvksa osQ {ks=k esa
;ksX;rk,a vko';drk,a vkSj izfØ;k,a rFkk rduhdh ekud vkSj ykblsafll vko';drk,a buosQ O;kikj esa vuko';d
ckèkk,a ugha gksrh gSaA
xSV~l esa ea=k.kk,a] >xM+k fuiVku vkSj ,d lsokvksa dh dkmfUly dh LFkkiuk dk Hkh izkoèkku gSA

3- ckSf¼d lEifÙk vfèkdkjksa osQ O;kikj lacaèkh i{k dk le>kSrk (Agreement on Trade
Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights-TRIS)

TRIPs le>kSrs osQ vUrxZr 7 izdkj dh ckSf¼d lEifÙk vkrh gSμ(1) dkWihjkbV rFkk rRlEcUèkh vfèkdkj] (2)
VsMekoZQ] (3) HkkSxksfyd laosQr] (4) vkS|ksfxd fMtkbu] (5) isVsaV] ftuesa lfEefyr gSa lw{e thok.kq vkSj ikSèkksa
dh fofHkUu tkfr;ka] (6) la?kfVr l£dV vkSj (7) O;kikfjd jgL;A budk laf{kIr o.kZu bl izdkj gSμ
1- dkWihjkbV vkSj rRlEcUèkh vfèkdkj (Copyright and Related Rights)μlnL;ksa dks vko';d gS fd
os lkfgfR;d vkSj dykRed jpukvksa osQ laj{k.k osQ fy, cuZ (Bern) le>kSrs dk ikyu djsaA lkfgfR;d
jpukvksa esa dEI;wVj izksxzke Hkh lfEefyr gSA dEI;wVj&izksxzkeksa osQ jpf;rkvksa] iQksuksxzke] èofu fjdk²Mx
vkSj izlkj.k laLFkkvksa dks viuh jpukvksa dks turk dks okf.kfT;d fdjk, ij nsus vFkok u nsus dk vfèkdkj
fn;k tk,A ,slk gh ,dek=k vfèkdkj fiQYeksa ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA ;g laj{k.k èofu fjdk²Mx osQ fuekZrkvksa
vkSj vfHku;drkZvksa osQ fy, de ls de 50 o"kZ vkSj izlkj.k laLFkkvksa osq fy, de ls de 20 o"kZ osQ
le; osQ fy, gksxkA

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