Page 289 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—27% fo'o O;kikj laxBu@xSV osQ dk;Z

(?k) ?kjsyw lgk;rk (Domestic Support)μmu ?kjsyw lgk;rk osQ mik;ksa esa] ftuosQ }kjk O;kikj ij uksV
U;wure izHkko iM+rk gS] ftUgsa gfjr cdl (Gren Box) uhfr;ka dgrs gSa] ;g dVkSrh ykxw ugha gksrhA
bu uhfr;ksa esa lkekU; ljdkjh lsok,a lfEefyr gSa] tSls vuqlaèkku] jksx fu;a=k.k] cqfu;knh <kapk vkSj
[kk| lqj{kk osQ {ks=kA blesa mRikndksa dks vk; lgk;rk] lajpukRed lek;kstu lgk;rk] i;kZoj.kh;
vkSj {ks=kh; lgk;rk izksxzkeksa osQ varxZr lgk;rk osQ :i esa lhèks Hkqxrku Hkh 'kkfey gSaA
buosQ vykok oqQN nwljh uhfr;ka Hkh gSa tks lgk;rk osQ oqQy vkSlr ekid (total average
measurement of support) dVkSrh opuc¼rk esa lfEefyr ugha gSaA os fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa
mRiknu lhfer izksxzkeksa osQ vUrxZr lhèks Hkqxrku] Ñf"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl dks izksRlkgu nsus osQ fy,
oqQN ljdkjh lgk;rk mik; rFkk oqQN vU; lgk;rk mik; gSaA ;g fdlh ,d oLrq osQ mRiknu ewY;
;k fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ oqQy Ñf"k mRiknu dk 10» gksxk vkSj fodflr ns'kksa dk 5»A
(p) LokLF; vkSj i'kq&LokLF; osQ mik; (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures)μ LokLF; vkSj
i'kq&LokLF; osQ mik;ksa esa [kk|&lqj{kk rFkk i'kq vkSj ouLifr LokLF; osQ mik; lfEefyr gSaA le>kSrk
LohÑr djrk gS fd fofHkUu ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa dks iw.kkZfèkdkj gS fd os euq";] i'kq vkSj ouLifr
osQ thou vkSj LokLF; dh j{kk osQ fy, mfpr mik; djsaA ijUrq ;g Hkh vko';d gS fd os euekus
<ax ls vFkok vuqfpr :i ls vU; lnL;ksa osQ chp] tgka fLFkfr le:i vFkok ,d tslh gks] HksnHkko
u djsaA le>kSrk ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djus dk iz;Ru djrk gS fd i'kq vkSj ouLifr LokLF; osQ mik;
O;kikj esa vuqfpr ckèkk u MkysaA le>kSrk euq"; vkSj i'kq LokLF; dh lqj{kk osQ mfpr Lrjksa osQ
fuèkkZj.k vkSj tksf[keksa osQ ewY;kadu dh izfØ;kvksa vkSj ekin.Mksa dk o.kZu djrk gSA
(N) [kk| HkaMkj.k vkSj [kk| lgk;rk (Food Stocking and Food Aid)μle>kSrs esa ekU; gS fd
varfje dky esa U;wure fodflr vkSj [kk|&vk;krh fodkl'khy ns'k [kk| vk;kr esa Í.kkRed
izHkkoksa dk vuqHko dj ldrs gSaA vr,o] blus Ñf"k fodkl osQ fy, [kk| lgk;rk vkSj ewy [kk|kUuksa
esa iw.kZ vuqnku vkSj lgk;rk osQ y{; j[ks gSaA ;g IMF vkSj fo'o cSad }kjk okf.kfT;d [kk| vk;kr
osQ fy, vYidkyhu foÙkh; lgk;rk dh laHkkouk dks ekurk gSA
Ñf"k le>kSrs osQ izkoèkkuksa osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ iqujkoyksdu osQ fy, ,d Ñf"k lfefr Hkh cukbZ xbZ gSA
3- diM+k vkSj oL=kksa dk le>kSrk (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)μbl le>kSrs dk mís';
diM+k vkSj oL=k {ks=k dk xSV 1994 esa ,dhdj.k gSA ;g ,dhdj.k 4 pj.kksa esa gksxkμ
izFke pj.k esa 1 tuojh] 1995 dks izR;sd lnL; bl le>kSrs dh fo'ks"k lwph esa lfEefyr xSV mRiknksa
esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k tks 1990 esa mlosQ vk;kr dh oqQy ek=kk dk de ls de 16» FkkA
f}rh;] pj.k esa 1 tuojh] 1998 ls os mRikn 'kkfey gq, tks 1990 osQ vk;kr ls 17» ls de u FksA
r`rh;] pj.k esa 1 tuojh] 2002 ls os mRikn 'kkfey gksaxs tks 1990 osQ vk;kr ls 18» ls de u FksA

prqFkZ pj.k esa 1 tuojh] 2005 dks laØe.kdky dh lekfIr ij 'ks"k lc mRikn bl esa 'kkfey gksaxsA
'kkfey dk vFkZ gS fd vèkksoL=k (tops), lwr] diM+k] vkSj flys gq, oL=k xSV osQ lkèkkj.k fu;eksa }kjk
lapkfyr gksaxsA lc cgqra=kh le>kSrs (Multi-Fibre Agreements-MFA) dh 31 fnlEcj] 1994 dks
LohÑr #dkoVsa u, le>kSrs esa 'kkfey dj yh xbZ gSa vkSj ml le; rd jgsaxh tc rd ;k rks #dkoVsa
gVk yh tk,a vFkok xSV esa 'kkfey dj yh tk,aA oqQN lnL;ksa }kjk yxkbZ xbZ xSj&cgqra=kh; #dkoVsa Hkh le>kSrs
osQ ykxw gksus osQ ,d o"kZ osQ Hkhrj xSV 1994 esa 'kkfey dj yh xbZ ;k 2005 rd èkhjs&èkhjs lekIr dj
nh tk,axhA

tks mRikn xSV 1994 esa fdlh :i esa 'kkfey ugha gq, gSa] muosQ fy, ,d fo'ks"k laØef.kd lqj{kk ra=k
(transitional safeguard mechanism) dk izkoèkku gSA ;fn vk;krdrkZ ns'k dks Kkr gks tk; fd ns'k

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 283