Page 285 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—27% fo'o O;kikj laxBu@xSV osQ dk;Z

xSV rFkk fo'o O;kikj laxBu esa vUrj (Difference Between GATT and WTO) uksV
WTO xSV dk foLrkj ugha gS] ijUrq mldk mÙkjkfèkdkjh gSA mlus xSV dks iw.kZr% izfrLFkkfir dj fn;k gS vkSj bldk
,d fHkUu Lo:i gSA nksuksa esa fuEu varj gSaμ
1- xSV dh dksbZ dkuwuh fLFkfr ugha FkhA WTO dh dkuwuh fLFkfr gSA bldk tue varjkZ"Vªh; lafèk osQ varxZr gqvk
gS] ftldh iqf"V lnL; ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa vkSj foèkku e.Myksa us dh gSA bldh IMF rFkk fo'o cSad tSlh gh fo'o
fLFkfr gSA ijUrq blosQ foijhr ;g UN dh 'kk[kk ugha gS] ;|fi bldk UN osQ lkFk ^lgdkjh lacaèk* gSA

2- xSV osQoy oqQN p;ukRed (selective) cgqi{kh; le>kSrksa osQ ckjs esa fu;eksa vkSj iz.kkfy;ksa dk lewg FkkA
vyx&vyx fo"k;ksa ij vyx&vyx le>kSrs Fks tks lnL;ksa ij ckè; ugha FksA dksbZ Hkh lnL; fdlh Hkh le>kSrs
esa lfEefyr gksus ls bUdkj dj ldrk FkkA osQoy os gh lnL; ftUgksaus fdlh le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd, gksa] mldk
ikyu u djus ij nafMr gks ldrs FksA ijUrq tks le>kSrs WTO dk vax cu pqosQ gSa og LFkk;h gSa vkSj lHkh lnL;ksa
ij ckè; gSaA fdlh lnL; osQ fu;e ikyu u djus ij vU; lnL; ns'k ml osQ fo#¼ dk;Zokgh dj ldrs gSaA

3- xSV >xM+k fuiVku iz.kkyh foyEcdkjh Fkh vkSj >xM+s ls lacafèkr lnL;ksa ij ckè; ugha FkhA WTO >xM+k fuiVku
iz.kkyh Lopkfyr] 'kh?kzxkeh rFkk lnL;ksa ij iw.kZr% ykxw gSA WTO osQ >xM+k fuiVku cksMZ us vius igys gh iSQlys
osQ }kjk 'kfDr'kkyh vesfjdk dks mls Lohdkj djus ij ckè; dj fn;kA bl izdkj] WTO 'kfDr'kkyh gS] tcfd
xSV furkUr 'kfDrghu FkkA

4- xSV ,d ,slk eap Fkk ftl ij lnL; ns'k] fo'o O;kikj leL;kvksa ij fopkj djus vkSj mUgsa lqy>kus osQ fy,
n'kd esa osQoy ,d ckj feyrs FksA yEcs vkSj nh?kZdkfyd fooknksa osQ ifj.kke dbZ n'kdksa esa fudyrs FksA nwljh vksj]
WTO lqLFkkfir] fu;ec¼ fo'o O;kikj laxBu gS tgka le>kSrksa ij fu.kZ; le;c¼ gksrs gSaA fnukad vofèk osQoy
lnL;ksa osQ ,der }kjk gh c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA

5- m#xos nkSj esa lsokvksa dk O;kikj Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k] ijUrq ml ij oqQN le>kSrk ugha gks ldkA WTO osQ
vUrxZr osQoy oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dk O;kikj gh ugha vkrk] oju~ ckSf¼d lEifÙk vfèkdkj osQ O;kikj lacaèkh fo"k;
rFkk dbZ vkSj le>kSrs Hkh vkrs gSaA
6- xSV dk ,d NksVk dk;kZy; Fkk ftls ,d MkbjsDVj tujy ns[krk FkkA WTO dk ,d fo'kky dk;kZy; vkSj fojkV
deZpkjh ra=k gSA

xSV osQ fu;e osQoy oLrqvksa osQ O;kikj ij gh ykxw gksrs FksA

lajpuk (Structure)

WTO dh lajpuk vFkok laxBu ,d ea=kh; lEesyu (Ministerial Conference) }kjk lapkfyr gksrk gS ftlesa
lc lnL;ksa osQ izfrfufèk gksrs gSa tks de&ls&de nks o"kZ esa ,d ckj feyrs gSaA ;g ETO dh lEiw.kZ dk;Ziz.kkyh
dks pykrk gS vkSj rnuq:i vko';d dne mBkrk gSA ;g fdlh Hkh cgqi{kh; le>kSrs osQ vUrxZr lHkh ekeyksa
ij fu.kZ; ysrk gSaA ea=kh; lEesyu WTO dh 'kh"kZLFk vfèkdkfj.kh lfefr gSA

lc lnL;ksa osQ izfrfufèk;ksa okyh lkekU; dkmfUly (General Council) WTO dh dk;Ziz.kkyh ij vkSj ea=kh;
fu.kZ;ksa ij fu;fer :i ls n`f"V j[krh gSA ;g >xM+k fuiVku laLFkk (Dispute Settlement Body) vkSj
O;kikj&uhfr&iqujkoyksdu laLFkk (Trade Policy Review Body) osQ :i esa Hkh dk;Z djrh gS] ftuosQ vyx&vyx
vius vè;{k gSaA lkekU; dkmfUly tsusok esa vkSlru izfr ekl feyrh gSA
lkekU; dkmfUly osQ vèkhu ;s laLFkk,a Hkh gSaμoLrqvksa osQ O;kikj dh dkmfUly (Council for Trade in Goods),

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 279