Page 290 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV esa dksbZ mRikn bruh ek=kk esa vk;kr gqvk gS ftlls mlosQ ?kjsyw m|ksx dks xaHkhj {kfr igqaph gS] rks oLrq
osQ fu;kZrdÙkkZ ij dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh gSA lqj{kkrU=k osQ varxZr ;k rks fopkj&foe'kZ }kjk ;k ikjLifjd
le>kSrs }kjk] dk;Zokgh gks ldrh gS ;k ,d&i{kh; gh] ijUrq ;g diM+k ekuhV¯jx laLFkk (Textile
Monitoring Body) }kjk iqujkoyksfdr gksxhA lqj{kk caèku rhu o"kZ rd fcuk foLrkj osQ izHkkoh jgsaxs vFkok
tcrd fd oLrq xSV esa 'kkfey ugha dh tkrh gSA ,dhdj.k izfØ;k osQ Hkkx osQ :i esa vaxLo:i] lc
lnL; diM+k vkSj oL=k osQ {ks=k esa xSV fu;eksa osQ vuq:i dk;Z djsaxs ftlls ekosZQV izos'k esa lqèkkj gks rFkk
U;k;ksfpr rFkk mfpr O;kikj uhfr;ksa dk ikyu gks vkSj vk;kr&fojksèkh foHksn mRiUu u gksaA
4- O;kikj esa rduhdh ckèkkvksa dk le>kSrk (Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade)μ;g
le>kSrk Vksfd;k nkSj esa LohÑr O;kikj esa rduhdh ckèkkvksa osQ le>kSrs dk foLrkj.k vkSj Li"Vhdj.k gh
gSA ;g lqfuf'pr djus dh ps"Vk djrk gS fd rduhdh foe'kZ vkSj ekud (standard), ijh{k.k vkSj
izek.ku (certification) iz.kkfy;ka O;kikj osQ ekxZ esa vuko';d #dkoV u cusaA rFkkfi ;g Lohdkj djrk
gS fd ns'kksa dks ekuoh;] i'kq ;k ouLirh; LokLF; rFkk i;kZoj.k dh j{kk dk vfèkdkj gSA le>kSrs es
ekudhdj.k laLFkkvksa }kjk ekudksa dh lajpuk] LohÑfr vkSj mi;ksx dh lafgrk (code) lfEefyr gSA
5- O;kikj lacaèkh fuos'k mik;ksa osQ igyqvksa dk le>kSrk (TRIMs)μ;g 5 o"kZ esa lHkh O;ogkj rd gh
lhfer gSaA oLrqr% ;g ftu mik;ksa ij ykxw gksrk gS os gSaμpqus gq, {ks=kksa esa fuos'k] fons'kh oaQifu;ksa dks jk"Vªh;
oaQifu;ksa osQ cjkcj j[kus osQ fy, fons'kh fuos'k dk Lrj fu;kZr nkf;Ro (obligations) vkSj ?kjsyw dPps
eky dk mi;ksxA ;g fons'kh fofue;osQ vtZuksa] fons'kh bZfDoVh fgLlsnkjh vkSj rduhdh gLrkUrj.k ls laca¼
fons'kh fuos'kdksa dk dksbZ ikyu 'krZ yxkus dk fu"ksèk djrk gSA ;g vkns'k nsrk gS fd fons'kh fuos'k oaQifu;ksa
dks ?kjsyw oaQifu;ksa osQ cjkcj gh j[kk tk,A ;g fuos'k osQ {ks=k esa #dkoVsa yxkus dks jksdrk gSA ;g dPps
eky] dy iqtks± vkSj eè;o£r;ksa osQ eqDr vk;kr dh vis{kk j[krk gSA
;g le>kSrk Lohdkj djrk gS fd oqQN fuos'k mik; O;kikj esa #dkoV Mkyrs gSa vkSj mls foÑr dj nsrs
gSaA blfy, ;g vis{kk j[krk gS fd fodflr ns'k 2 o"kZ esa] fodkl'khy ns'k 5 o"kZ esa vkSj U;wure fodflr
ns'k 7 o"kZ esa lc xSj&vuq:i TRIMs dks vfuok;Z :i ls lwfpr djsaxs vkSj mUgsa lekIr dj nsaxsA blus
TRIMs ij ,d lfefr dk xBu fd;k gS tks bu opuc¼rkvksa osQ ikyu dks ekuhVj djsxh vkSj bldh
fjiksVZ oLrqvksa esa O;kikj dh dkmfUly dks izfro"kZ nsxhA
6- izfr&jkf'kikru ij le>kSrk (Agreement on Anti-Dumping)μxSV osQ vuqPNsn VI osQ vuqlkj] ;fn
jkf'kikru vk;kr] vk;krdrkZ ns'k osQ ?kjsyw m|ksx dks gkfu igqapkrk gS rks vuqcafèkr lnL; dks vfèkdkj
gS fd os jkf'kikru&fojksèkh mik;ksa dks viuk,aA la'kksfèkr le>kSrk Vksfd;k nkSj osQ le>kSr dk ifjo£èkr :i
gSA ;g jkf'kikfrr vk;kr ls ?kjsyw m|ksx dh {kfr dk ewY;kadu] jkf'kikru fojksèkh Nkuchu izkjEHk djus
vkSj mls dk;Z:i nsus] ?kjsyw vfkdkfj;ksa }kjk dh xbZ jkf'kikru osQ >xM+s fuiVku dh dk;Zokgh djus dh
izfØ;k esa vfèkd Li"Vrk] vfèkd foLr`r fu;e vkSj ekin.M fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA u, fu;eksa osQ vUrxZr
jkf'kikru fojksèkh Nkuchu rqjUr cUn dj nh tk,xh ;fn ¶M¯Eix dh lhek¸ fu;kZr dher osQ 2» ls de
gS] ;k fdlh fo'ks"k ns'k ls MEi fd, vk;kr dh ek=kk ml mRikn osQ oqQy vk;kr ls 3» ls de gS c'krsZ
fd ;g ,sls oqQy mEi fd, vk;kr dh 7» dh lhek osQ vUrxZr gksA

oLrqvksa esa O;kikj osQ cgqi{kh; le>kSrs osQ vUrxZr dLVe ewY;kadu] ynku&iwoZ fujh{k.k] Ïksr osQ fu;e]
vk;kr ykblsal izfØ;k vkSj lqj{kk,a Hkh vkrh gSaA
2- lsokvksa esa O;kikj dk lkekU; le>kSrk (GATS)

bl le>kSrs osQ vUrxZr lc varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj&;ksX; lsok,a vkrh gSaA fons'kh lsok,a vkSj lsok iznkrk] ?kjsyw lsokvksa
vkSj lsok&iznkrkvksa osQ cjkcj le>s tk,xsa rFkkfi ljdkjsa fof'k"V ije&fe=k jk"Vª (MFN) dh NwV dh lwpuk nsaxh]

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