Page 294 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV iw.kZ lg;ksx feysA rFkkfi] bu le>kSrksa esa dbZ dfe;ka gSa tks bu fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks gkfudkjd gks ldrh gSaA
ge izR;sd le>kSrs dk uhps ,d laf{kIr foospu djrs gSaA

1- Ñf"k (Agriculture)
Ñf"k le>kSrk fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ fdlkuksa osQ fy, gkfuizn gksxkA ;g [kk| lqj{kk dh mUufr vkSj vkRefuHkZjrk
osQ fy, nh gqbZ lfClfM;ksa rFkk Ñf"k mRiknksa osQ fu;kZr esa o`f¼ osQ fy, lfClMh esa dksbZ Hksn ugha djrk] D;ksafd
;g fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ mRikn osQ ewY; osQ 10» rd dh gh lfClMh dks LohÑr nsrk gSA vr,o mu ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa
osQ fy, fo'ks"k Ñf"k oLrqvksa esa dher&lgk;rk nsuk yxHkx vlEHko gks tk,xkA ;gh ckr fuos'k&lfClfM;ksa dh Hkh
gS tks osQoy vYi vk; okys fdlkuksa rd gh lhfer gSaA bl izdkj fdlkuksa osQ oqQy vkxrksa tSls b±èku] fctyh]
[kkn] eky dh <qykbZ] cht vkfn ij rFkk miHkksDrk osQ tuforj.k bR;kfn osQ :i esa lfClfM;ka lekIr gh djuh
iM+sxhA lfClfM;ksa esa dVkSrh vkSj fcYoqQy gVkus osQ lkFk&lkFk ;fn foosdh dher uhfr ugha viukbZ xbZ rks
fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa fdlkuk dh vikj {kfr gksxhA
fiQj] eqDr ekosZQV izos'k vkSj vk;kr dh leLr #dkoVksa dks gVkus ls Hkh Ñ"kd oxZ dks gkfu igqapsxhA Ñf"k mRiknksa
osQ lLrs fu;kZr ls fdlkuksa dk mRiknu BIi iM+ tk,xkA Ñf"k mRiknksa dk varjkZ"Vªh; ekosZQV dher fuèkkZj.k izfr;ksfx;ksa
}kjk ugha fd;k tkrk] oju~ mUur ns'kksa osQ mu fu;eksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSa tks mu oLrqvksa dks [kjhnrs vkSj csprs
gSaA blosQ iQyLo:i fons'kh Í.k esa o`f¼ gksxh vkSj Hkqxrku&'ks"k dh fLFkfr vkSj Hkh fcxM+ tk,xhA
bl le>kSrs esa fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ Ñf"k mRiknksa ij LokLF; vkSj ouLifr LokLF; fØ;kvksa osQ iz;ksx dk Hkh izkoèkku
gSA ;s Codus Alimentarious varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa }kjk LFkkfir fu;eksa ij vkèkkfjr gksaxs tks (laxBu) fdlh
iztkrkaf=kd izfØ;k osQ vèkhu ugha gksrs gSaA ,slk laxBu fodflr ns'kksa osQ mRiknksa dks ^vlqjf{kr* ?kksf"kr dj ldrk gSA
buosQ ckotwn bl le>kSrs ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa viuh c<+rh gqbZ ?kjsyw ekax dh iw£r osQ i'pkr~ Hkh fu;kZr vfrjsd
Hkh o`f¼ }kjk vfèkd ykHk gksus dh laHkkouk gSA bldks vukt] #bZ vkfn dh Åaph dherksa osQ }kjk rFkk m|ku&Ñf"k]
iq"i&Ñf"k] Msjh mRiknu vkSj vU; dk;ks± osQ fofoèkhdj.k }kjk] tks Ñf"k&mRiknksa dh VSfjiQ&lhek o`f¼ 100» rd
gksus ls lEHko gksxk] dks Hkh ykHk gksus dh lEHkkouk gSA fiQj] fodflr ns'kksa esa Ñf"k osQ Åij mu lfClfM;ksa dh
dVkSrh osQ dkj.k fodkl'khy ns'kksa dk fu;kZr vfèkd ykHkdkjh gks ldrk gSA
2- diM+k vkSj oL=k (Textiles and Clothing)

laØe.kdky esa bl le>kSrs ls vfèkdrj fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks ykHk gksxkA ijUrq bu ykHkksa esa foyEc gksus dh
lEHkkouk gS D;ksafd MFA dh foyhuhdj.k izfØ;k esa nks dkj.kksa ls nsj gks ldrh gSμ
izFke] tc dksbZ fodflr ns'k oqQN izdkj dk diM+k vkSj oL=k MFA ls vyx djrk gS] ;g vHksnkRed MEN
osQ vkèkkj ij lHkh fu;kZrd ns'kksa ij ykxw gks tk,xkA
f}rh;] 10 o"kZ esa laØe.kdky osQ vafre fnu lc mRiknksa dk osQoy 40» gh xSV esa lfEefyr gksxkA ;g lekfIrdky
cgqr yEck gS vkSj WTO ij bl laØe.kdky dks c<+kus dk ncko Mkyk tk ldrk gSA fiQj] ^mRikn&vkoj.k*
(product coverage) osQ fy, foyhuhdj.k (phasing out) bruk foLr`r gSa fd og lc ¶diM+k vkSj oL=k¸ osQ
inkFkZ tks dksVk&iz.kkyh osQ vUrxZr ugha gSa] blesa vk tkrs gSaA bl izdkj dksVk inkFkks± dk 10 o"kZ osQ foyhuhdj.k
osQ dky osQ vUr rd uke&ek=k dk foyhuhdj.k gksxkA
;g le>kSrk NksVs forjdksa vkSj #bZ&mRiknd fu;kZrdkjh fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks ykHkdkjh gksxkA

3- TRIMs

TRIMs dk le>kSrk 'kfDrghu gSA le>kSrs osQ vuqPNsn IV osQ vuqlkj mUufr'khy ns'k bu izkoèkkuksa ls vLFkk;h
:i ls gV ldrs gSaA bl fopyu (deviation) dh ek=kk vkSj iz.kkyh vuqcafèkr ns'kksa dh bldh O;k[;k ij fuHkZj
gSA bl iyk;u èkkjk (escape clause) osQ vUrxZr fons'kh oaQifu;ksa osQ fu;a=k.k vkSj muosQ O;kikj&larqyu mik;ksa

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