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f'k{kk osQ nk'kZfud vkSj lkekftd vk/kj

uksV n'kZu ,d ,slk vuojr iz;Ru gS ftlosQ }kjk ge lalkj vkSj viuh izÑfr osQ fo"k; esa Øec¼
vuqHkoksa }kjk varn`Zf"V izkIr djrs gSaA
(Philosophy is a persistent attempt to gain insight into the nature of the world and of
ourselves by means of systematic reflection.—R. W. Sellers.)
vkèkqfud ;qx osQ ,d egku~ vaxzst fopkjd cVsZª.M jlsy us n'kZu dks vkSj vfèkd O;kid :i esa ns[kk gSA
muosQ 'kCnksa esaμ
n'kZu esa ge vius lkekU; fopkjksa dh lafnXèkrk vkSj Hkzkedrk dh ij[k djrs gSa] mu lc ij fopkj
,oa vuqlaèkku djrs gSa tks gekjs vafre iz'uksa osQ mÙkj izkIr djus esa Hkze iSnk djrs gSa vkSj var esa vius
vafre iz'uksa osQ vkykspukRed mÙkj izkIr djrs gSaA
(Philosophy is the attempt to answer ultimate questions critically, after investing all
that makes such questions puzzling and after realizing the vagueness and confusion
that underline our ordinary ideas. —Bertrand Russell)

n'kZu dk okLrfod laizR;;

mQij dh ppkZ ls Li"V gS fd n'kZu osQ ckjs esa Hkkjrh; n`f"Vdks.k vkSj ik'pkR; n`f"Vdks.k esa FkksM+k varj gS
vkSj og ;g fd vfèkdrj Hkkjrh; n'kZuksa esa vkt Hkh loZizFke l`f"V&l`"Vk] vkRek&ijekRek] tho&txr]
Kku&vKku ,oa euq"; thou osQ vafre mís'; vkSj mls izkIr djus osQ mik;ksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gS vkSj
fiQj bl Kku dks roZQ dk vkèkkj cukdj euq"; osQ leLr Kku&foKku ,oa mldh leLr HkkSfrd rFkk
vkè;kfRed miyfCèk;ksa dh rk£dd foospuk dh tkrh gS tcfd vfèkdrj ik'pkR; n'kZuksa esa l`f"V&l`"Vk]
vkRek&ijekRek] tho&txr vkfn ij fopkj djs fcuk euekus roZQ djus dh izo`fÙk vfèkd gSA cM+s [ksn dh
ckr gS fd oqQN Hkkjrh; fo}ku Hkh l`f"V&l`"Vk] vkRek&ijekRek] tho&txr vkSj tUe&ej.k vkfn ls lacafèkr
iz'uksa osQ mÙkj izkIr fd, fcuk euekus roZQ izLrqr dj vius dks nk'kZfud le>us dh Hkwy djus yxs gSaA oqQN
fo}ku rks n'kZu dks bu iz'uksa ls tksM+us dks owQieaMwdrk ekurs gSaA mudk oqQroZQ gS fd vkt tc ik'pkR; txr
esa nk'kZfud l`f"V&l`"Vk vkSj vkRek&ijekRek vkfn dk fopkj fd, fcuk leL;k fo'ks"k dks lhèks ekuo
mi;ksfxrk dh dlkSVh ij dlus yxs gSa vkSj mlh vkèkj ij mldh O;k[;k djus yxs gSa] Hkkjrh; fopkjd
vkRek&ijekRek osQ pDdj esa gh i¡Qls gSaA geas rks bu yksxksa dh cqf¼ ij rjl vkrk gSA ekuo thou osQ jgL;
dks le>s fcuk mlosQ fy, D;k mi;ksxh gS] ;g oSQls fuf'pr fd;k tk ldrk gS! ge Hkkjrh;ksa dks ik'pkR;
nk'kZfudksa dk vaèkkuqdj.k ugha djuk pkfg,A gekjs eg£"k;ksa us gessa lPpk rRo Kku fn;k gS] mlosQ vkèkkj ij
ge fdlh Hkh oLrq vFkok fØ;k dh lPph O;k[;k dj ldrs gSaA gekjh n`f"V ls fcuk rRo ehekalk] Kku ,oa
roZQ ehekalk vkSj ewY; ,oa vkpkj ehekalk osQ n'kZu dk dksbZ vfLrRo gh ughaA vr% n'kZu dks fuEufyf[kr
:i esa ifjHkkf"kr djuk pkfg,μ

n'kZu'kkL=k Kku dh og 'kk[kk gS ftlesa laiw.kZ czãkaM osQ vafre lR; ,oa ekuo osQ okLrfod Lo:i]
l`f"V&l`"Vk] vkRek&ijekRek] tho&txr] Kku&vKku] Kku izkIr djus dh fofèk;ksa vkSj ekuo thou
osQ vafre mís'; rFkk mls izkIr djus osQ lkèkuksa dh rk£dd foospuk dh tkrh gSA
n'kZu dh ;g ifjHkk"kk vius esa iw.kZ gSA bl ifjHkk"kk esa izÑfroknh] iz;kstuoknh vkSj vkn'kZoknh] lHkh n'kZu
vk tkrs gSaA bl czãkaM ,oa mlesa ekuo thou osQ izfr ;fn gekjk ;g n`f"Vdks.k gS fd buosQ ewy esa izkÑfrd
ifjorZuksa osQ vfrfjDr dksbZ vkè;kfRed 'kfDr dk;Z ugha djrh rks mijksDr ifjHkk"kk osQ vuqlkj ;g fopkjèkkjk
Hkh n'kZu gh gksxhA Hkkjrh; pkokZd vkSj vkthod rFkk ik'pkR; izÑfrokn blh dksfV osQ n'kZu gSaA vkSj ;g
n`f"Vkdks.k fd ;g laiw.kZ czãkaM fdlh vlhe 'kfDr (czã] xkSM] vYykg] fopkj] lR; vkfn) }kjk fufeZr
gS rks ;g fopkjèkkjk Hkh n'kZu gh gksxhA Hkkjrh; mifu"kn~ vkSj "kV~n'kZu vkSj ik'pkR; vkn'kZokn blh dksfV
osQ n'kZu gSaA n'kZu osQ fy, ewy ckr ;g gS fd mlesa l`f"V&l`"Vk] vkRek&ijekRek] tho&txr]
Kku&vKku] Kku izkIr djus osQ lkèku vkSj euq"; osQ dj.kh; rFkk vdj.kh; deks± ij fopkj gksuk

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