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f'k{kk osQ nk'kZfud vkSj lkekftd vk/kj

uksV 1-2 f'k{kk dk O;kid ,oa laoqQfpr vFkZ
(Wider and Narrower Meaning of Education)

ge tkurs gSa fd fdlh lekt esa fdlh cPps dh f'k{kk] mlosQ ifjokj] NksVs&cM+s fofHkUu lkekftd lewgksa]
lkeqnkf;d osaQnzksa vkSj fofHkUu izdkj osQ fo|ky;ksa] egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa pyrh gS] ijarq oqQN
yksx osQoy fo|ky;ksa] egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa pyus okyh f'k{kk dks gh f'k{kk dgrs gSaA bl izdkj
f'k{kk 'kCn dk iz;ksx nks :iksa esa gksrk gSμ,d O;kid :i esa vkSj nwljk laoqQfpr :i esaA

f'k{kk dk O;kid vFkZ
ge tkurs gSa fd izR;sd izk.kh viuh tkfr esa tUe ysrk gS vkSj mlosQ chp jgdj viuh tkfr osQ izkf.k;ksa
dh rjg pyuk&fiQjuk] [kkuk&ihuk] lquuk&cksyuk vkSj vusd izdkj dh vU; fØ;k,¡ djuk lh[krk gSA euq";
tc iSnk gksrk gS rks cgqr gh vlgk; voLFkk esa gksrk gS] ijarq tUe osQ oqQN fnu ckn gh og viuh tkfr
osQ izkf.k;ksa dk vuqdj.k dj pyuk&fiQjuk] [kkuk&ihuk vkSj lquuk&cksyuk lh[kus yxrk gS vkSj èkhjs&èkhjs
vusd izdkj dh vU; fØ;k,¡ djuk lh[krk gSA og lcls igyk ikB viuh ek¡ dh xksn esa i<+rk gS] fiQj
vius ?kjsyw i;kZoj.k ls lh[krk gS vkSj mlosQ ckn ftlosQ Hkh laioZQ esa vkrk gS mlh ls oqQN u oqQN lh[krk
gSA lH; lekt vius cPpksa dh tUetkr 'kfDr;ksa osQ mfpr fodkl djus vkSj muosQ O;ogkj esa okafNr
ifjorZu djus osQ fy, fo|ky;ksa dh O;oLFkk djrs gSaA ijarq cPps fo|ky;ksa osQ lkFk&lkFk vU; LFkkuksa ij
Hkh oqQN u oqQN lh[krs jgrs gSaA vkSj lp ckr rks ;g gS fd fo|ky; NksM+us osQ ckn Hkh lh[kus&fl[kkus dh
izfØ;k pyrh jgrh gS vkSj thoui;±r pyrh jgrh gSA O;kid vFkZ esa thoui;±r pyus okyh lh[kus&fl[kkus
dh ;g izfØ;k gh f'k{kk gSA bl f'k{kk osQ mís';] ikB~;p;kZ vkSj f'k{k.k fofèk;k¡ lHkh cgqr O;kid gksrs gSa]
mUgsa lhek esa ugha ck¡èkk tk ldrk] ijarq gksrs lc fodklksUeq[k gh gSaA vusd fo}kuksa us f'k{kk osQ bl :i dks
ifjHkk"kk esa ck¡èkus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA muesa ls ts- ,e- eSosQath dk iz;kl ljkguh; gSA muosQ 'kCnksa esaμ
O;kid n`f"V ls f'k{kk thoui;±r pyus okyh izfØ;k gS vkSj thou osQ izR;sd vuqHko osQ }kjk bldk
fodkl gksrk gSA
(In wider sense, it is a process that goes on throughout life and that is promoted by
almost every experience in life.—J.S. Mackenzie)
vfèkdrj fo}ku O;kid vFkZ esa f'k{kk dh bl ifjHkk"kk ls lger gSa] ijarq bl ifjHkk"kk ls u rks f'k{kk izfØ;k
osQ Lo:i dk Li"V Kku gksrk gS vkSj u mlosQ ifj.kke dkA gekjh n`f"V ls O;kid vFkZ esa f'k{kk dks
fuEufyf[kr :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djuk pkfg,μ
O;kid vFkZ esa f'k{kk fdlh lekt esa lnSo pyus okyh og lksís'; lkekftd izfØ;k gS ftlosQ }kjk
euq"; dh tUetkr 'kfDr;ksa dk fodkl] mlosQ Kku ,oa dyk&dkS'ky esa o`f¼ ,oa O;ogkj esa ifjorZu
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl izdkj mls lH;] lqlaLÑr ,oa ;ksX; ukxfjd cuk;k tkrk gSA blosQ }kjk O;f"V
,oa lekt nksuksa fujarj fodkl djrs gSaA

f'k{kk dk laoqQfpr vFkZ

lkekU;r% yksx fo|ky;ksa] egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa pyus okyh f'k{kk (Schooling) dks gh f'k{kk
dgrs gSaA ;g f'k{kk dk laoqQfpr vFkZ gSA ge tkurs gSa fd izR;sd lekt dh viuh thou 'kSyh gksrh gS vkSj
viuh vkdka{kk,¡ gksrh gSa vkSj lekt osQ izkS<+ lnL; vius vkus okyh ih<+h dks bl thou 'kSyh esa izf'kf{kr
djus ,oa viuh vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ djus osQ fy, f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk djrs gSaA bl f'k{kk osQ mís';] ikB~;p;kZ
vkSj f'k{k.k fofèk;k¡] lHkh fuf'pr gksrs gSaA ;g f'k{kk cPps dh ,d fuf'pr vk;q ij izkjaHk gksrh gS vkSj ,d
fuf'pr dky rd pyrh gSA ;g f'k{kk fuf'pr LFkkuksa (fo|ky;ksa) ij fuf'pr O;fDr;ksa (f'k{kdksa) vkSj
fuf'pr cPpksa (fo|kfFkZ;ksa) osQ chp pyrh gSA vkt bl f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk lekt vFkok jkT; }kjk dh tkrh
gSA rc ;g lekt vFkok jkT; osQ mís';ksa dh izkfIr dk lkèku gksuk LokHkkfod gSA fdlh jk"Vª dh mUufr

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