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bdkbZ 1 % f'k{kk vkSj n'kZu esa laca/ ,oa f'k{kk n'kZu

cM+k O;kid Fkk] ijarq tSls&tSls Kku osQ {ks=k esa fodkl gqvk n'kZu ,d Lora=k vuq'kklu osQ :i esa lhfer uksV
gksrk pyk x;kA n'kZu osQ fy, vaxszth esa fiQykWliQh (Philosophy) 'kCn dk iz;ksx gksrk gS tks nks xzhd
'kCnksaμfiQykWl (Philos) rFkk lksfiQ;k (Sophia) ls feydj cuk gSA fiQykWl dk vFkZ gSμizse vkSj lksfiQ;k
dk vFkZ gSμKku] blfy, fiQykWliQh dk vFkZ gksrk gSμKku ls izseA ;g n'kZu dk foLr`r vFkZ gSA ;wukuh
(xzhd) nk'kZfud IysVks n'kZu dks blh vFkZ esa Lohdkj djrs FksA muosQ 'kCnksa esaμog O;fDr tks lHkh izdkj
dk Kku izkIr djus dh bPNk j[krk gS vkSj lnSo mRlqd jgrk gS vkSj dHkh Hkh larks"k djosQ #drk ugha gS]
okLro esa nk'kZfud gSA ijarq lc oqQN tkuus ls mudk vFkZ lc oqQN osQ ihNs fNis ewy rRo dks tkuus ls FkkA
muosQ gh 'kCnksa esaμ

inkFkks± osQ lukru Lo:i dk Kku izkIr djuk gh n'kZu gSA
(Philosophy aims at a knowledge of eternal nature of things.—Plato)
IysVks osQ f'k"; vjLrq izR;; osQ lkFk&lkFk O;kogkfjdrk ij Hkh cy nsrs FksA mUgksaus IysVks }kjk izLrqr
n'kZu dh ifjHkk"kk dks FkksM+s varj osQ lkFk izLrqr fd;k gSA muosQ vuqlkjμ
n'kZu ,d ,slk foKku gS tks ije rRo osQ ;FkkFkZ Lo:i dh tk¡p djrk gSA
(Philosophy is the science which investigates the nature of being as it is in itself.
—Aristotle)

teZu nk'kZfud dkaV us n'kZu dks osQoy Kku'kkL=k osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA muosQ 'kCnksa esaμ
n'kZu cksèk fØ;k dk foKku vkSj mldh vkykspuk gSA
(Philosophy is the science and criticism of cognition—Kant)
fiQ'Vs us Hkh n'kZu dks blh :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA muosQ 'kCnksa esaμ
n'kZu Kku dk foKku gSA
(Philosophy is the science of knowledge.—Fischte)

ijarq vkèkqfud ;qx esa if'peh n'kZu esa ,d Hkkjh eksM+ vk;k gSA vc og ewy rRo dh [kkst osQ LFkku ij Kku
dh fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa dh rk£dd foospuk dh vksj izo`Ùk gSA n'kZu'kkL=k dh bl O;kidrk us n'kZu dh vusd
'kk[kkvksa dks tUe fn;k gS_ tSlsμlkekftd n'kZu] jktuSfrd n'kZu] vk£Fkd n'kZu] èkeZ n'kZu] foKku n'kZu vkSj
f'k{kk n'kZu vkfnA blfy, vc ogk¡ n'kZu dks foKkuksa dk foKku vkSj vkykspuk dh vkykspuk dgk tkrk gSA
dkWeVs osQ 'kCnksa esaμ
n'kZu foKkuksa dk foKku gSA
(Philosophy is the science of sciences.—Comte)
vkSj gjcVZ Lisalj osQ 'kCnksa esaμ

n'kZu foKkuksa dk leUo; ;k fo'oO;kid foKku gSA
(Philosophy is the synthesis of sciences or a universal science.—Herbert Spencer)
czkbVeSu us n'kZu dks FkksM+s foLr`r :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA muosQ 'kCnksa esaμ
n'kZu dh ifjHkk"kk ,d ,sls iz;kl osQ :i esa nh tk ldrh gS ftlosQ }kjk laiw.kZ ekuo vuqHkwfr;ksa
osQ fo"k; esa lR;rk ls fopkj fd;k tkrk gS vFkok ftlosQ }kjk ge vius vuqHkoksa dk okLrfod lkj
tkurs gSaA
(Philosophy may be defined as the attempt to think truely about human experience
as a whole or to make our whole experience intelligible.—Brightman)

lSylZ us Hkh n'kZu dks mlosQ O;kid :i esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA muosQ 'kCnksa esaμ

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