Page 15 - DEDU401_PHILOSOPHICAL_AND_SOCIOLOGICAL_FOUNDATIONS_OF_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ 1 % f'k{kk vkSj n'kZu esa laca/ ,oa f'k{kk n'kZu

fo'ks"k :i ls blh f'k{kk ij fuHkZj djrh gSA bl vFkZ esa fo|ky; esa izos'k ysus ls igys vkSj fo|ky; NksM+us uksV
osQ ckn f'k{kk dh izfØ;k ugha pyrhA vusd fo}kuksa us f'k{kk osQ bl :i dks ifjHkk"kk esa ck¡èkus dk iz;Ru
fd;k gSA buesa ls ts- ,l- eSosaQth dk iz;kl ljkguh; gSA muosQ 'kCnksa esaμ
laoqQfpr n`f"V ls f'k{kk dk vFkZ viuh 'kfDr;ksa osQ fodkl vkSj lqèkkj osQ fy, fd, x, fdUgha Hkh
psrukiw.kZ iz;klksa ls fy;k tk ldrk gSA
(In narrower sense, it may be taken to mean any consciously directed efforts to
develop and cultivate our powers.—J.S. Mackenzie)
vfèkdrj fo}ku laoqQfpr vFkZ esa f'k{kk dh bl ifjHkk"kk ls lger gSa] ijarq blls u rks f'k{kk izfØ;k osQ
Lo:i dk Li"V Kku gksrk gS vkSj u mlosQ ifj.kke dkA gekjh n`f"V ls laoqQfpr vFkZ esa f'k{kk dks fuEufyf[kr
:i esa ifjHkkf"kr djuk pkfg,μ
laoqQfpr vFkZ esa f'k{kk fdlh lekt esa ,d fuf'pr le; rFkk fuf'pr LFkkuksa (fo|ky;ksa) esa
lqfu;ksftr <ax ls pyus okyh og lksís'; lkekftd izfØ;k gS ftlosQ }kjk euq"; dh tUetkr
'kfDr;ksa dk fodkl] mlosQ Kku ,oa dyk&dkS'ky esa o`f¼ ,oa O;ogkj esa ifjorZu fd;k tkrk gS vkSj
bl izdkj mls lH;] lqlaLÑr ,oa ;ksX; ukxfjd cuk;k tkrk gSA blosQ }kjk O;f"V ,oa lekt nksuksa
fujarj fodkl djrs gSaA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment)

cgqfodYih; ç'u (Multiple Choice Questions)μ
4- HkkSfrdoknh nk'kZfud euq"; osQ osQoy ykSfdd thou dks gh ekurs gSaμ
(v) lR; (c) vlR; (l) vuar (n) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

5- euq"; dk tUetkr O;ogkj gksrk gSμ
(v) foLr`r (c) i'kqor~ (l) Li"V (n) vLi"V
6- vesfjdh f'k{kk'kkL=kh tkWu Mhoh us f'k{kk osQ ekus gSaμ
(v) nks èkqzo (c) rhu èkzqo (l) pkj èkzqo (n) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

1-3- f'k{kk dh izÑfr ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡
(Nature and Characteristics of Education)

f'k{kk dh izÑfr osQ fo"k; esa ewy :i ls nk'kZfudksa] lekt'kkfL=k;ksa] jktuhfr'kkfL=k;ksa] vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa]
euksoSKkfudksa vkSj oSKkfudksa us fopkj fd;k gSA bu lcosQ n`f"Vdks.kksa ls f'k{kk dh izÑfr osQ fo"k; esa
fuEufyf[kr rF; mtkxj gksrs gSaμ

1- f'k{kk ,d lkekftd izfØ;k gSA blosQ eq[; :i ls rhu vax gksrs gSaμlh[kus okyk] fl[kkusokyk vkSj
lh[kus&fl[kkus dh lkexzh vFkok fØ;k] ;g ckr nwljh gS fd fl[kkus okyk lh[kusokys osQ lkeus izR;{k
:i esa mifLFkr jgrk gS ;k insZ osQ ihNs dk;Z djrk gSA

2- O;kid vFkZ esa f'k{kk dh izfØ;k fdlh lekt esa fujarj pyrh gS] ijarq laoqQfpr vFkZ esa ;g osQoy
fo|ky;ksa eas gh pyrh gSA gesa f'k{kk dks mlosQ O;kid :i esa gh ysuk pkfg,A bl n`f"V ls ;g ,d
vfojr izfØ;k gSA

3- f'k{kk lksís'; izfØ;k gS] blosQ mís'; lekt }kjk fuf'pr gksrs gSa vkSj fodklksUeq[k gksrs gSaA bl izdkj
f'k{kk fodkl dh izfØ;k gSA

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