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vf/xedÙkkZ dk fodkl ,oa f'k{k.k vf/xe izfØ;k

uksV dks 'kq¼ oS;fÙkQd (Individual), lkewfgd (Group),lkekftd (Social) vkSj O;kogkfjd (Applied) vkfn
izfr'kk[kkvksa esa foHkÙkQ dj fn;k x;k gSA vlkekU; (Abnormal) euksfoKku dks osQoy oS;fÙkQd (Individual)
rFkk lkewfgd (Group) euksfoKkuksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA bu izfr'kk[kkvksa osQ vfrfjÙkQ Hkh budh vkSj izfr'kk[kk,¡
fudyh gSa ftudk ;gk¡ mYys[k ugha fd;k tk losQxkA
O;kogkfjd euksfoKku (Applied Psychology) ls ;gh dk;Z&{ks=k izHkkfor gq, gSaA tSls O;kogkfjd euksfoKku
osQ vUrxZr f'k{kk euksfoKku (Educationl Psychology), vkS|ksfxd euksfoKku (Industrial Psychology),
/kfeZd euksfoKku (Religious Psychology) vkfn iz'kk[kk,¡ gSaA ;gk¡ ge f'k{kk euksfoKku ij fopkj djsaxsA

euksfoKku dh f'k{kk (Schools of Psychology)

f'k{kk vkSj euksfoKku esa ?kfu"B lEcU/ gS] bl fo"k; ij iwoZ vè;k;ksa esa izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA euksfoKku }kjk
gesa ekuo&efLr"d dk Kku gksrk gS] vr% f'k{kk ls bldk ?kfu"B lEcU/ gksuk vfuok;Z gSA euksfoKku osQ {ks=k
esa O;ogkj dh O;k[;k] euksoSKkfudksa us fHkUu&fHkUu <ax ls dh gSA f'k{kk&euksfoKku] euksfOkKku dh ,d
O;kogkfjd 'kk[kk gSA f'k{kkFkhZ osQ O;ogkj dk fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.kksa ls vè;;u djus osQ fy, ,d f'k{kd dks
euksfoKku osQ ozQfed fodkl dk Kku gksuk vko';d gS rkfd okafNr ifj.kke izkIr djus osQ fy, og mls
izHkkfor djosQ O;ogkj esa ifjorZu vkSj ifjektZu dj losQA euksfoKku osQ fodkl vkSj O;ogkj dh O;k[;k esa
euksoSKkfudksa esa erHksnksa osQ iQyLo:i gh lEiznk;ksa (Schools) dh mRifÙk gqbZA bu lEiznk;ksa us osQoy O;ogkj
osQ Lo:i dh O;k[;k gh ugha izLrqr dh] oju~ f'k{kk&euksfoKku dh /kj.kkvksa] vè;;u fof/;ksa rFkk {ks=k esa Hkh
;s ifjOkrZu mRiUu fd,A

euksfoKku ossQ lEiznk; dk vFkZµ;gk¡ lEiznk; dk vFkZ euksfoKku osQ {ks=k esa dk;Z djus okys O;fDr;ksa dk
laxfBr leqnk; vkSj muosQ fpUru vkSj fopkj djus dh fof/ ls gSA
euksoSKkfud oqMoFkZ dk fopkj gS& ¶gekjs fy, ^lEiznk;* euksoSKkfudksa dk ,d lewg gS tks ,d fuf'pr fopkj
iz.kkyh j[krs gSa] ftlls lHkh yksxksa dks muosQ vuqlj.k gsrq ekxZ&laosQr fd;k tkrk gS] ;fn euksfoKku dks lnk
osQ fy, lS¼kfUrd ,oa O;kogkfjd ewY; okyk ,d lgh o mRiknd foKku cukuk gSA¸
‘‘ For us a ‘School’ is a group of psychologists who put forward a certain system of ideas
designed to point the way that all must follow if psychology is everto be made a genuine
productive service of both theoritical and practical value.’’ —R. S. Woodworth

bl dFku ls Li"V gS fd euksfoKku dk lEiznk; euksfoKku osQ {ks=k esa fl¼kUr fu:i.k djus okyksa dk ,d ,slk
laxBu gS tks mls oSKkfud vè;;u dk Lo:i iznku djrs gSaA
chloha 'krkCnh eas euksoSKkfudksa us tks iz;ksx fd,] mlesa mUgksaus izk.kh osQ O;ogkj dh vyx&vyx <ax ls O;k[;k
dh gSA blfy, euksfoKku esa fofHkUu er osQ lEiznk; mRiUUk gks x;sA bu lEiznk;ksa us ,d gh lEkL;k dk lek/ku]
fHkUu&fHkUu n`f"Vdks.kksa ls fd;kA izR;sd lEiznk; dk vyx&vyx {ks=k vkSj fpUru iz.kkyh jgh gSA f'k{kk&euksfoKku
esa f'k{kk dh lEkL;kvksa dk mi;qDr lek/ku djus osQ fy, bu fopkj/kjkvksa esa leUo; dh vko';drk ugha gSA
;s lEiznk; vius fo'ks"k {ks=k ls lEcfU/r ;ksxnku djosQ f'k{kk izfozQ;k esa lgk;d gks ldrs gSaA
f'k{kk&euksfoKku dk izeq[k mn~ns'; ckyd osQ lokZxh.k fodkl eas lgk;rk iznku djuk gSA euksfoKku osQ lEiznk;
ekuo eu dks vius&vius n`f"Vdks.k ls le>us dk izR;Ru djrs gSaA izR;sd lEiznk; us ekufld lEkL;kvksa dk
xgu vè;;u fd;k gSA oqQN lEiznk;ksa us f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa lh[kus dh izfozQ;k] ckSf¼d fodkl vkSj
O;fDrRo&fodkl vkfn ls lEcfU/r fo"k;ksa dk vUos"k.k dj f'k{kk izfozQ;k dks izHkkfor fd;k gSA ;gk¡ euksfoKku

6 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY