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Educational Technology

Notes Speaking-listening, writing-reading and performance-inspection. Communication flow is not drafted

completely, flow is drafted incompletely. Interconnection process is Transactional.

In 1968, Ober developed Transactional Analysis Method which is also called as Reciprocal
Category System.

List of Ober’s Reciprocal Category System is given here.

14.1 Reciprocal Category System = RCS

Verbal Behavior

Teacher Category Student Category
1. Environment Liveliness—To reduce stress, to praise and encourage actions. 11
2. Accepts Feelings—Provide positive reinforcement. 12
3. Accepts Ideas of Students—To ask for clarification, to develop student actions, to include the

students’ actions in his communication. 13
4. Ask Questions—Asking question regarding course. 14
5. Response—Answering questions, providing information related to course, self-answering his own
questions and presenting his ideas. 15
6. Self-Initiation—Presentation of information and facts. To present course related ideas. 16
7. Directing Instructions—Giving instructions to some actions and behaviors which have to be followed
by the students, utilizing teacher rights. 17
8. Criticizing—Telling whether students’ action are right or wrong. 18
9. Environment Cooling—To improve behavior deciding whether it is right or wrong, showing rights
and criticizing. 19
10. Silence and Confusion—Being quiet for a moment, or speaking of everyone due to which encoder
can’t take any decision. 20
Ober has improved the categories of Encoding System, which can be used to observe classroom
interactions. But he didn’t improve the Meaningful Process as much as Flander did. Ten Category
System is used in the most researches.

14.2 Ober’s Encoding Procedure

Ober’s category system is an extended form of Flander’s system. Also in this process, analysis is
done through two processes – encoding and decoding, the encoding process is included in a similar
manner to that of Flander. The only difference is that actions of both sides of communication fl ow are
encoded within three second such as teacher told the student to sit down and students had their seat.
For this, (6 or 16) categories are marked in a sequence. Teacher asked a question and students raised
their hands. For this, (4 or 14) categories are marked within three seconds. Teacher says a student to
give answer and the student stood up, (6 or 16) categories are marked. Student started giving answer,
teacher said yes or yeah, (8 or 18) categories are marked within three seconds. The format of drafting
is as follows:

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