Page 115 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_HINDI

'kSf{kd rduhdh

uksV

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fp=kµf'k{k.k izfØ;k dh Ük`a[kyk

(3) fØ;k vFkok miyfC/ ;k fu"ifÙk dk;Z (Achievement or Action Operations)µf'k{k.k esa
budk lEcU/ mu fØ;kvksa rFkk izfrfØ;kvksa ;k miyfC/ ls gS tks f'k{kd vkSj Nk=k osQ eè; d{kk osQ
vUnj gksrh gSaA bu fØ;kvksa dks 'kkfCnd vUr%izfØ;k (Verbal Interaction) ;k v'kkfCnd vUr%izfØ;k
(Non-Varbal) esa ck¡Vrs gSaA buesa míhidksa dk pquko] mudk izLrqrhdj.k] i`"B&iks"k.k rFkk iqucZyu
rFkk f'k{k.k ;qfDr;ksa dk pquko djuk vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ fØ;k,¡ gSaA
(i) míhidksa dk pquko (Selection of Stimuli)µf'k{k.k míhiu rFkk vuqfØ;k (S-R) ij vk/kfjr gSA
blesa f'k{kd Nk=kksa osQ le{k 'kkfCnd rFkk v'kkfCnd míhiu izLrqr djrk gSA f'k{k.k izfØ;k dh liQyrk bUgha
míhidksa osQ p;u ij fuHkZj djrh gSA vr% f'k{kd dks pkfg;s fd og ,sls míhiuksa dk iz;ksx djs tks d{kk esa
vf/d izHkkoiw.kZ fl¼ gksaA míhiuksa osQ p;u osQ {ks=k esa f'k{kd dks iwjk Kku gksuk pkfg;s fd fdl ifjfLFkfr esa
dkSu&ls míhiu vf/d vPNs ifj.kke nsrs gSaA bl izdkj ls okafNr fØ;kvksa rFkk ifjfLFkfr mRiUu dj f'k{k.k
dk;Z lqpk# :i ls pyuk pkfg;sA
(ii) míhidksa dk izLrqrhdj.k (Presentation of Stimuli)µmíhiu osQ p;u osQ i'pkr~ f'k{kd dks
míhid izLrqr djrs le; dkiQh lko/ku jguk pkfg;sA lcls igys rks mls míhid osQ ckjs esa Kku gksuk pkfg;s
fd mls fdl izdkj d{kk esa izLrqr fd;k tk;sA ;fn míhid xyr rjhosQ ls izLrqr dj fn;k x;k rks mldh
vuqfØ;k,¡ Hkh xyr gks tk;saxhA vr% míhid izLrqr djrs le; muosQ Lo:i (Form)] lanHkZ (Context) rFkk
Øe (Order) dk è;ku Hkh j[kuk pkfg;sA
(iii) i`"B&iks"k.k rFkk iqucZyu (Feedback and Reinforcement)µi`"B&iks"k.k dk iqucZyu ls gekjk
rkRi;Z mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls gS tks fo'ks"k vuqfØ;k dh lEHkkouk c<+krh gSaA buosQ ekè;e ls okafNr O;ogkj ;k
vuqfØ;k dks LFkk;h cuk;k tkrk gSA ;s ifjfLFkfr;k¡ nks izdkj dh gksrh gSaµ(i) /ukRed rFkk (ii) Í.kkRedA

(i) /ukRed iqucZyu (Positive Reinforcement)µblesa okafNr O;ogkj ls ckj&ckj gksus dh lEHkkouk
esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA tSlsµiz'kalk] iqjLdkj] u;k Kku feyuk] izek.k&i=k vkfnA
(ii) Í.kkRed iqucZyu (Negative Reinforcement)µvokafNr O;ogkj jksdus osQ fy, iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA tSlsµn.M] Mk¡V&iQVdkjA
i`"B&iks"k.k rFkk iqucZyu vuqfØ;k ;k O;ogkj dks 'kfDr iznku djrs gSa] O;ogkj esa okafNr ifjorZu djrs gSa vkSj
O;ogkj dks lgh ;k la'kksf/r Hkh djrs gSaA vr% f'k{k.k esa budk iz;ksx Nk=kksa osQ O;ogkj esa vHkh"V ifjorZu ykus
osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

4- f'k{k.k ;qfDr;ksa dk foLrkj (Development of Strategies of Teaching)µf'k{kd d{kk esa Nk=kksa dks
u;k Kku nsus osQ fy, fofHkUu izdkj dh f'k{k.k ;qfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djrk gS] ftlls fd mldh f'k{k.k fØ;k,¡
vf/d mi;ksxh cu losaQA f'k{k.k ;qfDr;ksa osQ foLrkj djrs le; f'k{kd dks ikB~;&oLrq osQ izLrqrhdj.k] vf/xe
osQ izdkj rFkk Nk=kksa dh i`"BHkwfe (iwoZKku] vk;q] d{kk vkfn) mudh vko';drk,¡] vfHkizsj.kk,¡] vfHko`fÙk;k¡
vkfn dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg;s rHkh og lgh ;qfDr;ksa dk p;u ,oa foLrkj dj losQxkA

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