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bdkbZ—10% f'k{k.k osQ Lrj
izLrkouk (Introduction) uksV
f'k{k.k] d{kk esa fofHkUu dk;ks± dks lEiUu djus dh ,d O;oLFkk gS ftldk mís'; Nk=kksa dks lh[kus osQ fy, izsfjr
djuk gSA f'k{k.k osQ mís'; vR;Ur Li"V gksus pkfg, rHkh f'k{kd izHkko'kkyh lk/uksa dk iz;ksx dj bls vf/d
'kfDroku cu ldrk gSA f'k{k.k izfØ;k osQ vUrxZr ^ikB~;&oLrq* ,d egÙoiw.kZ mikxe gS] ftlosQ fcuk f'k{k.k
ugha gks ldrkA ¶,d gh ikB~;&oLrq dks f'k{k.k mikxe ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fopkjghu (Thoughtless) ls ysdj
fopkjiw.kZ (Thoughtfull) fLFkfr rd ys tk ldrh gSA¸ vr% f'k{k.k dh izfØ;k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ge ,d
lrr~ Øe (Continuum) ij fopkjghu fØ;kvksa dh voLFkkvksa ;k Lrjksa esa foHkkftr dj ldrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa
esa f'k{k.k dh iw.kZ izfØ;k dks fuEukafdr rhu Lrjksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
(1) Le`fr Lrj (Memory Level)
(2) cks/ Lrj (Understanding Level)
(3) fpUru Lrj (Reflective Level)
Le`fr Lrj → cks/ Lrj → fpUru Lrj
izkjEHk f'k{k.k izfØ;k vUr
fp=kµf'k{k.k osQ LRkj
10-1 Le`fr Lrj f'k{k.k (Teaching of Memory Level)
Le`fr Lrj osQ f'k{k.k esa fopkjghurk ikbZ tkrh gSA bl Lrj ij ,slh vf/xe ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fodflr dh tkrh gSa]
ftlls fd Nk=k i<+kbZ x;h ikB~;&oLrq dks ljyrk ls oaQBLFk dj losQA bl Lrj ij izR;kLej.k (Recall) rFkk
jVus (Cramming) dh fØ;k ij tksj fn;k tkrk gSA lkFkZd rFkk lEcfU/r ikB~;&oLrq vklkuh ls ;kn gks tkrh
gS tcfd fujFkZd oLrqvksa dks ;kn j[kus esa dfBukb;k¡ gksrh gSaA rF;ksa vkSj lwpukvksa osQ jVus dk lEcU/ cqf¼
ls ugha gksrkA ekufld :i ls fiNM+s ckyd Hkh phtsa ljyrk ls ;kn dj ysrs gSa] fdUrq rF;ksa dh og jVUr Le`fr
ik=kksa dks Kku rks ns nsrh gS] ij mudk vocks/ (Understanding) ugha nsrhA dfork ikB] 'kCnkFkZ vkSj mudk
vH;kl] laLÑr esa :i] igkM+sa] fxufr;k¡ Hkk"kk esa orZuh] O;kdj.k rFkk ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa dk f'k{k.k Le`fr Lrj
ij gh vf/d izHkkoiw.kZ gksrk gSA vr% Le`fr Lrj dk iw.kZ:i ls cfg"dkj lEHko ugha gSA
uksV~l bl Lrj dk viuk ewY; gS] viuk {ks=k gSA bl Lrj dk Kku ik;s fcuk cks/ ,oa fpUru Lrj Bhd dk;Z
ugha dj ldrsA vr% ;g Lrj] vU; fopkjoku Lrjksa osQ fy, vk/kjf'kyk iznku djrk gSA
Le`fr Lrj ij D;ksafd rF; dkiQh jVs gq, gksrs gSa vr% Hkwyus dh fØ;k Hkh blesa dkiQh lfØ; jgrh gSaA blhfy,
vktdy d{kk esa jVh gqbZ lkexzh Nk=kksa osQ nSfud thou esa mi;ksxh fl¼ ugha gks jgh gSA bl Lrj ij lkspus o
roZQ djus osQ fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha gksrkA Nk=k fuf"Ø; jgrs gSa vkSj ;kfU=kd <ax ls d{kk dk;Z pyrk jgrk gSA
d{kk dk okrkoj.k dkiQh vkSipkfjd gksrk gS rFkk Nk=k dks izsj.kk f'k{kd ls ugha fey ikrhA
Le`fr Lrj osQ f'k{k.k esa laosQr vf/xe] Ük`a[kyk vf/xe rFkk S-R vuqfØ;k ij egÙo fn;k tkrk gSA iz'uksÙkj
fof/ blesa dksbZ egÙo ugha j[krhA Le`fr Lrj osQ izk:i dks vkSj vf/d Li"V djus osQ fy, uhps ¶Le`fr Lrj
osQ f'k{k.k dk ,d izfreku (Model)¸ izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gSA bldk fodkl gjcVZ (Herbart) us fd;k FkkA
vxzfyf[kr lkj.kh bl izfreku dks la{ksi esa iznf'kZr djrh gSµ
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 113
