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'kSf{kd rduhdh




                  uksV
                  uksV               7- i`"Biks"k.k rFkk vuq'khyu (Feedback) osQ ekè;e ls Nk=kksa osQ lh[kus osQ O;ogkj dks fu;ksftr ,oa
                                        fu;fU=kr j[krh gSA
                                     8- uohu f'k{k.k osQ izfreku rS;kj djus esa lgk;d gSA
                                     9- d{kk&vuqns'ku esa mi;ksxh gSA

                                     10- ;g lkewfgd rFkk oS;fDrd nksuksa izdkj osQ vuqns'ku ij è;ku nsrh gSA
                                     11- blosQ i`"Biks"k.k (Feedback) osQ fl¼kUr osQ iQyLo:i f'k{kd izf'k{k.k osQ {ks=k esa vusd uohu
                                        fopkjèkkjk,¡ vk;h gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ekbØksVh¯px] feuhVh¯px] vfHkØfed vè;;u] vUr%fØ;k
                                        fo'ys"k.k vkfnA ;s lHkh lEizs"k.k fu;U=k.k O;oLFkk osQ i`"Biks"k.k ;k Feedback osQ fl¼kUrksa ij
                                        vkèkkfjr gSaA
                                4-5 iz.kkyh mikxe (Systems Approach)


                                iz.kkyh mikxe dk f}rh; fo'o;q¼ osQ nkSjku tUe gqvk FkkA rc ls vc rd blus m|ksx] ljdkj] lsuk rFkk
                                O;kikj osQ {ks=k esa izcUèk lEcUèkh fu.kZ;ksa (Management Decisions) dks fo'ks"k :i ls izHkkfor fd;k gSA
                                System ;k iz.kkyh dk vfHkizk; ,d fuf'pr O;oLFkk ls gSA O;oLFkk dk vfHkizk; ,d Øec¼ laxBu ls gS]
                                ftlesa izR;sd va'k dk nwljs va'k ls lEcUèk Li"V gksrk gSA okLro esa System approach is a thorough
                                analysis of a system or subsystem. This term overs a body of theory and practice of
                                system analysis.
                                iz.kkyh mikxe osQ vUrxZr rhu phtsa vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZ gSaµ
                                     1- iz.kkyh mikxe (System Thinking) A

                                     2- iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.k (System Analysis)A
                                     3- iz.kkyh (System) A
                                iz.kkyh (System) osQ rhu Hkkx gksrs gSaµ

                                     1- mís';µbl ckr dk Kku nsrk gS fd D;k djuk gS] D;ksa djuk gSA
                                     2- izfØ;kµizfØ;k osQ vUrxZr fofHkUu fØ;k,¡ vkrh gSaA
                                     3- ikB~; oLrqµbldk lEcUèk iz.kkyh osQ mivaxkas ls gksrk gSA

                                4-5-1 iz.kkyh mikxe osQ lksiku
                                      (Steps of the Systems Approach)

                                     1- vko';drk dh ifjHkk"kk djuk (Define the Need)A
                                     2- mís';ksa dk fuèkkZj.k (Statement of Objectives) djukA
                                     3- lhekvksa dk fooj.k (Description of Restrictions and Limitations)A

                                     4- leL;k lekèkku osQ fodYiksa dh [kkst (Collection of Statements Alternatives)A
                                     5- lgh fodYi dk p;u (Make a Selection of Appropriate Alternative)A
                                     6- dk;kZUo;u (Carryout or Implementation)A

                                     7- ewY;kadu (Evaluation)A
                                     8- ifjektZu ,oa la'kksèku (Refine)A






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