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ftfdne seBhe

                     B'N       jh j'D.  fJ; soQK ;w{j B{z T[s;kfjs ehsk iKdk j? ns/ ;w{j ;wZf;nk dk ftPb/PD, ;zPb/PD
                               ns/ w[bnzeD eodk j?.

                               fJ; f;ybkJh Bhsh dk nXko ftfdne ns/ wB'ftfrnkBe d'B' jh j?.  po/B ;N'ofwzr dk ;zpzX
                               Gktkswe gZy d/ fBwB ns/ T[Zu ;so d/ T[d/PK s'A j?.  fJ; B{z frnkBkswe gZy d/ T[Zu ;so
                               d/ T[d/PK dh gqkgsh d/ bJh th tofsnko ik ;edk j?.  fJj f;ybkJh Bhsh ftfdnkoEhnK
                               ftZu nZS/ ftukoK B{z ftef;s eoB ftZu ;jkfJe j[zdk j?.  fJ; f;ybkJh Bhsh d/ w[bnzeD d/
                               bJh  f;oiBkswe  gqhfynktK  finkdk  ;koEe  ns/  T[g:'rh  j[zdhnK  jBl  feT[Afe  fJ;  dhnK
                               f;ybkJh go;fEshnK ftZu f;oiBkswe ;woZEktK d/ ftek; d/ bJh finkdk w"e/ fdZs/ iKd/
                               jB.

                               ;t?^w[bnzeD (Self Assessment)

                               2H fBwB fbys eEBK ftZu ;Zu iK M{m dh gfjukD eo'
                                  (State whether the following statements are True or False):
                                   (i)  :'iBk ftXh f;ybkJh dh BthB ftXh wzBh iKdh j?.
                                   (ii)  fJfsjkf;e y'i Bhsh d/ gqtose i/H n?;H po{Bo jB.

                                   (iii)  f;ybkJh ftXhnK ftZu „;[eoks‟ dk wjZstg{oD :'rdkB BjhA wzfBnk iKdk j?.
                                   (iv) ;[eoks dh ftXh B{z gqPB T[Zso ftXh th efjzd/ jB.
                                   (v)  ;w{fje tkd^fttkd dh e'Jh ;wXkoD gfoGkPk j?.

                               8H7 ;ko nzP (Summary)

                                      f;Zfynk d/ xNeK dk fBoXkoD doPB eodk j?.  doPB B{z f;Zfynk dk f;XKse
                                       gZy wzfBnk iKdk j?.  ftfGzB doPBK B/ f;Zfynk d/ ;o{g ns/ f;ybkJh ftXhnK B{z
                                       fdZsk j?.
                                      f;ybkJh gqfefonk dk T[d/P nfXfB:w go;fEshnK B{z T[sgzB eoBk j?, fi; ftZu
                                       ftfdnkoEh  f;ZyD  d/  nB[Gt  gqkgs  eo  ;eD.    iwks^f;ybkJh  ftZu  nfXnkge
                                       Pkpfde ns/ nPkpfde nzso^fefonk ftZu f;Zfynk go;fEshnK B{z T[sgzB eodk
                                       j?, fi; ftZu ftfdnkoEh nZX s'A tZX o{g ftZu Pot^fJzdohnK s'A f;ZyD dk nB[Gt
                                       eod/ jB.
                                      o?B  B/  ftfdnkob/  go:B  gqftXh  dk  ftek;  ehsk  fi;  d/  d[nkok  G{r'b,  gqfeose
                                       nfXnB, fJfsjk; ns/ j'o ftfPnK dh f;ybkJh n;b o{g ftZu ehsh ik ;edh j?.

                                      ftfdne  go:NB  dk  fB:'iB  ns/  fefonkPhbsk  fJ;  soQK  eoBh  ukjhdh  j?,  fi;
                                       d[nkok go:NBK d/ T[d/PK dh gqkgsh ehsh ik ;e/ ns/ ftfdnkoEh frnkB gqkgs eo
                                       ;eD.
                                      ftfdne  go:NBK  dh  gqftXh  B{z  G{r'b,  fJfsjk;,  gqfeose  nfXnB,  tB;gsh
                                       ftfrnkB,  tfDi,  noEPk;so,  BkrfoePk;so,  f;ZfynkPk;so,  y/sh  ns/  nzeVk
                                       nkfd ftfPnK ftZu gq:'r ;obsk Bkb ehsk ik ;edk j?.

                                      :'ibk ftXh f;ybkJh dh BthB ftXh wzBh iKdh j?.  fJ; dk ftek; f;Zfynk ftZu
                                       ;wkfie goftosh d/ cb;o{g j'fJnk j?.

                                      fJ; soQK dh f;ybkJh ftXhnK „;[eoks‟ dk wjZstg{oD :'rdkB wzfBnk iKdk j?.
                                       fJ; ftZu f;ybkJh dh gqfefonk ftZu nfXnkge ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK dh ;fjGkrsk
                                       ns/ fefonkPhbsk ofjzdh j?.



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