Page 137 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_PUNJABI

fJekJh^11L ;[yw f;ybkJh

e/ nfXnkgeK B{z, ftfdnkoEh nfXnkgeK B{z ns/ nfXnkge^f;ybkfJe B{z nZi u[D"sh Go/ ;[oK B'N
ftZu p[bk fojk j?. ;[yw^f;ybkJh, f;ybkJh^wjKftfdnkfbnK d/ bJh fJZe todkB pD e/
nkfJnk j?, fi; d/ cb;o{g nZi f;ybkJh ;zpzXh nkJ/ ftfdnkoEh nfXnkgeK ftZu iwks^
nfXnkgB d/ e"Pb (Skill) d/ ftek; dh rZb nkozG j' rJh j?. ;[yw^f;ybkJh fJZe soQK dh
gq:'rPkbk ftXh j? fi; ftZu ftfdnkoEh nfXnkge f;ybkJh e"PbK dk nfGnk; fpBK fe;h B{z
jkBh gj[zukJ/ eod/ jB. fJj ftXh gq:'rPkbk dhnK ;kohnK PosK dh g{osh eoB ftZu ;woZE
j?.

11H1 ;[yw^f;ybkJh dk fJfsjk; (History of Micro Teaching)

;[yw^f;ybkJh f;ybkJh d/ y/so ftZu fJZe BthB fB:zsfos nfGnk; dh gqfefonk j?. fJ; dk
ftek; ;N/Bc'ov :{Bhtof;Nh ftZu ehsk frnk. ;zBQ 1961 ftZu J/uh;B, p{P ns/ J/bB B/ ;G
s'A gfjbK fB:zsfos o{g ftZu „;ze[fus^nfXnB^nfGnk;^eow‟ nkozG ehs/, fiBQK d/ nzsors
jo/e ftfdnkoEh nfXnkge 5 s'A 10 ftfdnkoEhnK B{z fJZe S'Nk fijk gkm gVQkT[Adk ;h ns/ j'o
ftfdnkoEh nfXnkge ftfGzB soQK dh G{fwek fBotkj (Rule Play) eod/ ;B. pknd ftZu
fJBQK b'eK B/ thvhU N/g foekovo (Video Tape Recorder) dk gq:'r th ftfdnkoEh
nfXnkgeK dh f;ybkJh fttjko ftZu io{oh gfotosB fbnkT[D d/ bJh eoBk P[o{ eo fdZsk j?.
j?oh r?oh;B B/ nfXnkge^;woZEk (Teaching Competence) d/ y/so ftZu ekoi eod/ j'J/
„;N/Bc'ov nfXnkge ;woZEk nojD dhghek‟ dk fBowkD ehsk. ;zBQ 1967 ftZu eb/Bt?P B/
;[yw^f;ybkJh d/ y/so ftZu eJh gq:'r ehs/. fJ; soQK J/bB (1964), J/uh;B (1964), Uow
(1966), New?B, J/bB (1969), o?;fBe s/ fe; (1970), w?ebhi ns/ nBtB (1971) nkfd eJh
P'XeosktK B/ fJ; y/so ftZu nkgDk wjZstg{oD :'rdkB fdZsk. fJBQK P'X^gZsoK ns/ toDBK
B/ ;ko/ ;z;ko B{z nkeofPs eoBk nkozG ehsk. Gkos d/P ftZu ;G s'A gfjbK vhH vhH fstkoh
(1967) B/ „;[yw^f;ybkJh‟ Ppdk dk gq:'r f;Zfynk^f;ybkJh d/ y/so ftZu ehsk. Gkt/A fe
T[jBK dh „;[wy^f;ybkJh‟ dk noE nZi dh ;[yw f;ybkJh s'A gqEe ;h. fJ; d/ pknd Pkj
(1970), u[dk;wk (1971), f;zx, woeo ns/ gBr'sok (1973), d'Pki B/ ;zBQ 1974 ftZu fJ;
y/so ftZu T[b/y:'r ekoi ehs/.

Gkos d/P ftZu ;zBQ 1974 ftZu ;[yw^f;ybkJh d/ y/so ftZu ;G s'A gfjbK gqekPB gk;h ns/
Pkj B/ ehsk. fJ; ftZu gfjbh tko ;[yw^f;ybkJh d/ ftP/ ftZu ftfrnkBe ikDekoh gqdkB
ehsh rJh. fJ; d/ pknd GZNkukfonk (1974), gk;h, bfbsk s/ i'Ph (1976), f;zx s/ rq/tkb
(1977), r[gsk (1978) nkfd B/ fJ; y/so ftZu ekoi ehsk. ;zBQ 1978 ftZu fJzd'o
ftPtftfdnkb/ ftZu ;G s'A gfjbK „;[yw^f;ybkJh‟ s/ „okPNoh gq:'iB‟ (National Proposal
for the Project) dk fBowkD ehsk frnk. fJ; d/ nzsors ftfGzB ftPtftfdnkfbnK ns/
ftPtftfdnkfbnK d/ nfXnkge f;ybkfJeK B/ fwb e/ ;[yw^f;ybkJh s/ ekoi ehsk. fJj P'X
:'iBk „B?PBb e'Af;b nkc J/i{e/PB, fo;ou n?Av Nq/fBzr‟ BthA fdZbh d/ ;fj:'r Bkb g{oh ehsh
rJh.

B'N; Gkos ftZu ;[yw^f;ybkJh s/ P'X gqw[Zy o{g Bkb fdZbh, fJzd'o, pV'dk, ;jkoBg[o
ns/ d/jokd{B ftZu ehsk ik fojk j?.

d/jokd{B ftZu ;zBQ 1979 ftZu e[b;o/Pm, fwPok ns/ r';tkwh B/ ;[yw^f;ybkJh d/ y/so ftZu
ekoi eod/ j'J/ T[jBK B/ eJh ;[XkoK d/ o{g ftZu „gfo;[yw^f;ybkJh‟ (Mini-teaching) s/
gfjb/ Gkosh w'B'rqkc „fwBh Nhfuzr L J/ fBT{ J/e;g?ohw?AN fJB Nhuo n?i{e/PB‟, n?BH ;hH JhH
nkoH NhH BthA fdZbh d/ ;fj:'r Bkb gqekfPs ehsk.

j[D sK Gkos d/P ftZu ;[yw^f;ybkJh ns/ gfo;[yw^f;ybkJh (Mini-teaching) s/ ekch ekoi
ehsk ik fojk j?.

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 131